太阳能光伏-热伏发电板的自适应追光系统设计与实现

摘要

在小型太阳能光伏-热伏发电系统中,为了提高其发电效率,通常会辅以自动追光系统;针对现有的基于多光电二极管的自动追光系统结构复杂等问题,提出了一种基于光敏电阻的自适应追光系统;为了实现发电板对光源的追踪,采用了基于负反馈的自适应追光原理,通过软件设计控制追光精度,同时增加了系统位置消抖控制;在硬件方面,采用光敏电阻感应光强,借助AD转换电路和舵机,以驱动太阳能光伏-热伏发电板转动直至发电板平面垂直于太阳光;优化设计了光敏电阻与板面的夹角大小以调整追光的区域及误差;最后完成了整体装置的机械结构设计和电路图设计及仿真;结果表明,与现有的多光电二极管追光系统相比,所设计的追光系统机械装置部分的设计更加简单,便于实现,同时通过优化设计改善了追光的稳定性.%In a small solar photovoltaic and thermoelectric system,automatic tracking system is often used in order to improve the efficiency of power generation.An optimal design of the structure of photosensitive resistance and tracking panels for the current adaptive tracking system is presented.An adaptive tracking system based on photosensitive resistance is proposed due to the complication of structure of automatic tracking system based on photodiode.In order to achieve tracking the target,the adaptive tracking principle based on negative feedback is used.Through software design,tracking accuracy is controlled with adding the anti-shake control system.In terms of hardware designing,photosensitive resistance is used to induce intensity of light.And AD conversion circuit and steering engine are applied.Ultimately the solar photovoltaic and thermoelectric panel is driven to move until the panel is perpendicular to the sun light.In addition,the optimal design of structure of the panels is considered to adjust the area of tracking.Finally,the mechanical structure design of the whole device,the design and simulation of circuit diagram are implemented.The results show that the design of the mechanical device is simpler and easier to actualized while compared with the existing photoelectric diode spot-tracking system and the tracking stability is improved.