改进的基于蚁群算法的非均匀分簇路由协议

摘要

针对无线传感器网络中传感器节点随机分布造成能耗不均和“热区”等问题,提出了一种改进的基于蚁群算法的非均匀分簇路由协议;该协议也采用“轮”方式运行,每轮簇首选举开始阶段,根据节点剩余能量、节点密度,结合节点到Sink节点的距离来构造不均匀的竞选半径,每个节点根据竞选半径范围内邻居节点计算剩余能量比及距离偏差平均值,从而计算出其簇首竞争等待时间,采用时间等候簇首竞选机制来选举出簇酋,平衡簇内的通信能耗;数据传输阶段,考虑剩余能量、通信能耗、链路质量、传输时延等因素,采用改进的蚁群算法构造最优传输路径,数据传输的同时更新信息素,从而达到自适应、动态优化地建立和维护传输路径;仿真结果表明,该路由协议能有效节约能量和均衡能耗,延长网络生命周期,改善链路质量,减少传输时延.%Aiming at the energy consumption unbalance and "hotspot" energy hole for sensor nodes random distribution in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs),an uneven clustering routing protocol for WSNs based on improved ant colony algorithm is proposed.The protocol adopts round operation mode,in the beginning phase of each round cluster head selection,it forms the uneven competition radius of nodes by the density of the nodes,residual energy and the distance to sink.The rate of residual energy and the average of distance deviation of nodes are calculated by the competition radius,and then the nodes' wait times of cluster-head selection are calculated.In the cluster-head selection phase,the protocol adopts wait time of cluster-head selection to select the cluster head and balances the energy consumption in the cluster.In the data transmission phase,concerning the residual energy,energy consumption,link quality and transmission delay,the protocol adopts improved ant colony algorithm to construct optimal transmission path.The pheromones are updated at the time of data transmission,and the transmission path are established and maintained more self-adaptive and dynamic.The simulation shows that the routing protocol can efficiently reduce and balance the energy consumption,prolong the wireless sensor network survival period,improve the link quality and reduce transmission delay.