目的 探讨延边地区支气管哮喘患者对延续性护理的需求. 方法 自行设计问卷, 对延边地区4家医院住院的支气管哮喘患者200例进行问卷调查. 结果 158例 (79.00%) 患者ACT评分<20分, 说明哮喘没有得到控制; 哮喘药物知识及哮喘控制目标错误率较高, 分别为103例 (51.50%) 及128例 (64.00%); 患者对延续性护理各项目的护理需求均超过60.00%, 其中需求排名前5位的为: 哮喘急性发作的临床表现、 哮喘发作前症状及处理、 过敏原存在的环境、 吸入型药物的特点及使用方法、诱发哮喘发作的食物. 患者认为实施延续护理最好的时间依次为出院后2周内90例 (45.00%)、 1周内63例 (31.50%), 希望采取的延续性护理方式依次为电话随访173例 (86.50%)、 门诊复诊96例 (48.00%). 结论 对患者实施延续性护理的内容要既能满足大众需求, 同时也要注意提供个体化方案, 要将延续性护理的重心放在用药管理和自我监测管理上, 以提高患者的疾病控制水平; 宜选择合适的时机对患者进行以电话随访为主要手段的延伸护理服务.%Objective To investigate the needs for continuous care of bronchial asthma patients in Yanbian area. Methods We designed questionnaires and investigated 200 cases of bronchial asthma patients in four hospitals in Yanbian area. Results ACT scores of 158 cases (79.00%) were less than 20 points, indicating that asthma was not under control. Error rates of asthma medication knowledge and asthma control objectives were high, which were 103 cases (51.50%) and 128 cases (64.00%) respectively. Needs for continuous care from patients were more than 60.00%, among which the top five of needed were clinical manifestations of asthma acute bouts, preictal symptoms and treatments of asthma, the environment where allergens existed in, the characteristics and use of inhaled drugs, and foods which induced asthmatic attacks . Patients believed that the best time to implement extended care, by ranking was, 90 cases (45.00%) believed within 2 weeks after discharge and 63 cases (31.50%) believed within 1 week. Those who wanted continuous care by telephone follow-up were 173 cases (86.50%) and outpatient visits were 96 cases (48.00%). Conclusions The contents of continuous care for patients should not only meet the public demands, but also provide individualized programs. Also, the focus of continuous care should be placed on medication management and self-monitoring management to improve the level of control of diseases; additionally, as the main means of extending care,telephone visit for follow-up should be taken at an appropriate time.
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