高海拔和驻防时间对高原男性军人血压的影响

摘要

Objective To investigate the effects of high altitude and stationed duration on blood pressure in male soldiers in Qinghai-Tibetan plateau. Methods Blood pressure of 428 male soldiers with 2,5,8 years stationed in 6 spots on Qinghai-Tibetan plateau from 3 500 meters to 4 857 meters were measured. According to three different altitudes, the subjects were involved in 3 500-4 000 meters,139 people,average age (23. 0±3. 6) years old;4 001-4 499 meters, 133 people,average age(23. 6±3. 9) years old; ≥4 500 meters, 156 people, average age (22. 5 ± 2. 6) years old. Blood pressure, prevalence of high altitude hypotension and hypertension were compared. Results Compared with 3 500-4 000 meters , the prevalence of high altitude hypertension significantly increased in the groups with altitude from 4 001-4 499 meters and above 4 500 meters (18.8% vs 15.4% vs 7. 9%, both P <0. 05),and compared with 4 001-4 499 meters,the prevalence of high altitude hypotension significantly increased in the group with altitude above 4 500 meters (16. 0% vs 5. 8% , P <0. 05). Compared with the groups whose durations were up to 2,8 years, the prevalence of high altitude hypertension significantly increased in the group with the duration of 5 years (8. 6% , 12. 6% vs 24. 4% , both P < 0.05). Meanwhile, compared with the group whose duration was up to 2 years, the prevalence of high altitude hypotension significantly increased in the group with duration of 5 years (18. 7% vs 6. 7% , P <0. 05). Conclusion High altitude and stationed duration of 5 years are important factors to high altitude hypotension and hypertension with male soldiers, the male soldiers with those factors are the focus of people to prevent and control high altitude hypotension and hypertension in Qinghai-Tibetan plateau.%目的 研究高海拔和驻防时间对高原男性军人血压变化的影响.方法 解放军第二十二医院内一科慢性高原病防治课题组对某部驻守海拔3 500~4 857 m地区的6个驻防点,驻防时间满2、5和8年的男性军人血压进行观察,共428例,依据驻防点海拔高度分为3 500~4 000 m组,139例,平均年龄(23.0±3.6)岁;4 001~4 499 m组133例,平均年龄(23.6±3.9)岁;≥4 500 m组156例,平均年龄(22.5±2.6)岁;比较组间血压水平变化和高、低血压患病率差异.结果 与海拔3 500~4 000 m地区比较,海拔4 001~4 499 m和≥4 500 m地区军人高原高血压患病率明显较高(18.8% vs 15.4% vs 7.9%,P＜0.05);与海拔3 500~4 000地区比较,海拔≥4 500 m地区军人低血压的患病率明显较高(16.0% vs 5.8%,P＜0.05).与驻防高原满2、8年者比较,满5年者高原高血压的患病率明显较高(8.6%,12.6% vs 24.4%,P＜0.05);与满2年者比较,满5年者高原低血压患病率明显较高(18.7% vs 6.7%,P＜0.05).结论 海拔4 000 m以上地区和驻防高原满5年是影响驻防高原男性军人血压的重要因素,是高原低血压和高血压的重点防治人群.