回顾了以往植被对气候响应的有关研究，从此类研究常使用的数据、方法及获取的结论3个方面进行了分析，重点阐述了归一化植被指数（Normalized Difference Vegetation Index，NDVI）对降水、温度和辐射等气候因子的响应特征，并探讨了未来的发展趋势。结果表明，植被NDVI对降水的显著响应往往出现在干旱半干旱地区和干湿季气候差异明显地区，且具有一定的滞后特征，滞后的时间尺度与局地条件关系密切；温度成为植被NDVI 控制因子的情况常出现在温带或寒温带地区，与对降水的滞后响应相比，植被对于温度的滞后响应并不是特别明显；辐射对于植被的主导影响主要出现在低纬度的部分区域、高云量区域和高纬度地区的特定时间段内。认为量化人类在植被对气候变化响应过程中的作用，全球变暖情形下植被对气候响应特征的深入分析，以及植被受气候影响的多尺度特征可能是以后此类研究的发展方向。%Climate is one of the most important environmental factors affecting spatial and temporal vegetation dynamics. The different responses of vegetation to global warming tend to change over different time and space scales. The rapid development of remote sensing has made it possible to examine vegetation changes at the regional and global scales. Two basic approaches to characterizing vegetation responses to changing climates are to use statistics and modeling. New statistical methods and improved vegetation models have recently been successfully applied to assessing the effects of climate change on vegetation dynamics. The data and analytical methods used and the discoveries made in previous studies of vegetation responses to climate are summarized in this paper, with a focus on vegetation responses to different climate parameters, including precipitation, temperature, and radiation. It is generally accepted that precipitation significantly affects the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) in arid and semiarid regions and in regions with distinct dry and wet seasons. The time lag in the response of vegetation to precipitation, and the way the time lag depends on local conditions. Temperature is the dominant climate parameter that affects the NDVI in temperate and boreal regions. The time lag in the vegetation response to temperature is somewhat less pronounced than the time lag in response to precipitation. Solar radiation is the predominant factor limiting vegetation growth in some low latitude areas and areas that have lots of cloud cover, and at certain times in high latitude regions. Future research should focus on 1) quantifying the human role in the response of vegetation to climate change, 2) remeasuring the vegetation responses to different climate parameter changes associated with global warming, and 3) considering the multi-scale assessment of climate change impacts on vegetation.
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