费托合成钴催化剂的失活与再生研究进展

摘要

为降低费托合成钴催化剂成本，提高费托合成钴催化剂的稳定性和寿命，分析了费托合成钴催化剂的失活与再生机理，论述了费托合成钴催化剂的再生方法。结果表明，中毒、烧结长大、积碳、氧化及固相反应是造成费托合成钴催化剂失活的主要原因。通过净化原料气、调节钴与载体相互作用、调整催化剂配方及工艺条件、控制钴颗粒尺寸及体系中水和H2的分压比等措施可以提高催化剂稳定性和寿命。通过脱蜡、氧化、还原可实现催化剂再生，氧化是再生的关键步骤，要注意氧化过程中升温速率、热量移除等问题；多次的氧化和还原过程可增加再生催化剂中金属钴与还原助剂的均匀性，提高再生催化剂的活性。%In order to decrease cost of Fischer-Tropsch cobalt catalyst and improve its stability and lifetime,the inactivation and regenera-tion mechanism of Fischer-Tropsch cobalt catalyst was analyzed.Based on the regeneration mechanism,the regeneration methods of Fisch-er-Tropsch cobalt catalyst were introduced.The results indicated that poison,sinter,carbon deposition,oxidation and solid reaction were the main causes for catalyst inactivation.The stability and lifetime of Fischer-Tropsch cobalt catalyst could be improved by purifying feed gas,regulating reaction between cobalt and support,improving catalyst formulation and process,controlling cobalt particle size and par-tial pressure ratio between H2 O and H2 .The catalyst could be regenerated by de-wax,oxidation and reduction,oxidation was the critical step.The heating rate and heat removal should be controlled during oxidation process.Multi-oxidation and reduction could improve the u-niformity of cobalt and reduction agents,and improved the activity of catalyst.