生物质的电化学转化反应及反应器

摘要

生物质通过电化学转化合成燃料和高附加值化学品是未来化学工业发展的一个重要方向,也是现代社会实现可持续发展的重要保障.在可再生能源产能不断提升,而现阶段暂无成熟的大规模能源存储技术的背景下,如何有效地利用可再生能源所产电能进行生物质的电化学转化是目前学术界和工业界关注的一个热点.本文介绍了近年来该领域的研究进展,着重阐释了关键的电化学反应和相关反应器的设计.从生物质衍生的平台分子的电化学转化取得了一定的进展,然而从生物质到平台分子的电化学转化还面临较大的挑战.提高平台分子和生物质电化学反应的选择性有赖于合适的电极材料和催化剂,而将原位分离与电极反应耦合的设计能够提高产物的收率,特别是在生物质直接电化学转化的过程中.%Electrochemical conversion of biomass to fuel and high value-added chemicals is an important direction for the chemical industry, and this could also facilitate the sustainable development of society. With the increasing energy supply from renewable sources, and currently the limited installation of large-scale energy storage and conversion systems, electrochemical conversion of biomass together with the efficient utilization of renewable energy is drawing attention from both academia and industry. This perspective describes recent development in this field, and focuses on key reactions and related electrochemical reactor design. The electrochemical conversion of platform molecules derived from biomass has made some progress, but the electrochemical conversion from biomass to platform molecules faces greater challenges. Selectivity improvement in these electrocatalytic conversion relies on suitable electrode material and electrocatalysts. Reaction-separation coupled electrochemical reactors can increase product yield, especially for direct electrocatalytic conversion of biomass.