软模板法合成多级孔沸石分子筛及其催化性能研究进展

摘要

详细介绍了软模板法合成多级孔沸石分子筛及其催化性能.合成多级孔沸石分子筛的软模板主要包括两种类型,一种是含多季铵基团的烷基季铵盐；另一种是双亲有机硅表面活性剂.对采用这两种表面活性剂合成多级孔沸石分子筛的方法以及得到的材料结构特性进行了综述.进一步讨论了这两种方法得到的分子筛的催化性能.关于这些材料的催化性能研究主要有三方面内容:有机大分子化合物合成的活性和选择性,生物质催化热解特性和大分子化合物合成中抗积炭失活性能.%Hierarchical porous zeolites synthesis procedures with soft templates and their catalytic performance are described in detail. The soft templates used for this purpose mainly include two types. One type is the gemini-type, polyquaternary ammonium surfactant, and the other type is the amphiphilic organosilane surfactant. The synthesis techniques with the two types of surfactants and the structural properties of the synthesized zeolites are reviewed. The catalytic performance of synthesized zeolites is discussed. The research on catalytic behavior focuses on three aspects: the activity and selectivity of synthesis of organic macromolecular compounds, the properties of catalytic pyrolysis of biomass, and the slow deposition of coke against deactivation in the synthesis of organic macromolecular compounds.