水盐体系相平衡研究进展

摘要

水盐体系相平衡与相图是无机盐化工的理论基础，对水盐体系相平衡的研究可为盐湖盐类资源的综合开发利用提供理论支持。从水盐体系相平衡实验和理论研究两个方面，综述了近期国内外相关研究进展及研究方法。重点介绍了稳定相平衡和介稳相平衡体系相图测定方法及特点，概述了相区间和结晶类型变化的影响因素；从热力学模型法、统计力学理论和分子模拟3个方面介绍了水盐体系相平衡的理论研究思路及基于液-固化学势平衡的研究现状，并讨论了3类方法在相平衡研究上的可能发展方向。最后总结了该领域的一些研究热点，并对水盐体系相平衡的研究趋势作了展望。%The phase equilibria and phase diagrams of salt-water systems constitute the theoretical basis for chemical industry of inorganic salts. The fundamental studies on the phase equilibrium can provide firm support for the comprehensive development and utilization of salt lake salt resources. In this paper, the recent domestic and international research advances and methods on phase equilibria of slat-water systems from both experimental and theoretical perspectives are summarized. In particular, the experimental methods on the determination of phase diagrams for stable and metastable phase equilibrium systems as well as the factors which cause the change of phase interval and solid crystal type are presented. In addition, based on the up-to-date theoretical methods including thermodynamic models, statistical mechanics theories and computer simulations, the outline of their principles, current situations and possible extensions toward the investigation of stable and metastable phase equilibrium systems are introduced. Finally, the research hotspots in this domain are discussed along with the expectations on the future development.