为了推动煤基液体油分离技术的发展,实现油品中各组分利用价值的最大化,论述了煤基液体油的分离方法.煤基液体油的分离研究主要分为两个方向:某一特定组分的分离和族组分的分离.某一特定组分的分离包括酚类化合物、杂环化合物和芳烃的分离,采用的方法主要有碱洗法、溶剂萃取、沉淀法、络合法、液相色谱法、液膜萃取、超临界萃取、低共熔法和离子液体萃取.族组分分离方法主要有溶剂萃取、超临界萃取、柱色谱法和高效液相色谱法.每种分离方法各有优缺点.按分离剂和分离目标物之间的作用机制可归结为4种分离原理:发生化学反应生成第3种物质、改变溶解度、利用吸附能力的差异和形成氢键及共轭作用.最后,针对煤基液体油分离中存在的问题,提出了研究方向与建议.%To promote the development of coal-based liquid oil separation technology and maximize the utilization value of each component, the coal-based liquid oil separation methods were analyzed. Coal-based liquid oil separation can be divided into two directions: the separation of a particular component and the separation of group composition. The particular component includes phenols, heterocyclic compounds, and aromatics. The main methods to separate the particular component comprise caustic washing, solvent extraction, precipitation, complexation, liquid chromatography, liquid membrane extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, deep eutectic solvent extraction, and ionic liquid extraction. While the main methods for the separation of group composition are solvent extraction, supercritical extraction, column chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography. Each method has its advantages and disadvantages. These methods are roughly divided into four categories based on the separation mechanism between separation agent and target product: the third substance produced by chemical reaction, changing the solubility, taking advantage of the difference of adsorption capacity, forming the hydrogen bond and conjugation effect. At last, the improved proposals and prospects are suggested.
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