腰丛-骶丛神经阻滞复合右美托咪定对老年PFNA手术患者康复的影响

摘要

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of lumbosacral plexus block combined with the use of dexmedetomidine in elderly patients undergoing proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFNA).Methods A total of 60 patients received elective PFNA were divided into tracheal intubation combined with inhalation anesthesia group (group G) and ultrasound and nerve stimulator-guided lumbosacral plexus block following with dexmedetomidine infusion group (group N).Then we observed HR,SBP,DBP for both groups at the time entering the theater (T0),immediately after tracheal intubation or after dexmedetomidine infusion (T1),skin incision moment (T2) and 30 minutes after skin incision (T3).Visual analogue scale (VAS) scores were assessed for both groups at the time point of 2,6,12,24 and 48 hours after surgery.The number of use of patient controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA),assessment of consciousness status 1-3 days after surgery,adverse reactions were recorded for both groups as well.The following post-surgery data were recorded:the time of first feeding,first urination and first ambulation,the length of hospitalization,the expense of hospital stay.Results HR,SBP,DBP of the group G changed more significantly at T1,T2,T3 than those of T0 (P＜0.05).The VAS scores and the number of use of PCIA of group N were lower than those of group G at all time points after operation (P＜0.05).The group N had lower CAM-CR scores and less adverse reactions of nausea and vomiting and dizziness than those of group G on days 1 to 3 after surgery (P＜0.01).Compare to group G,the group N were early in terms of post-operation first feeding,first urination and first ambulation (P＜0.01).The length of hospitalization was shorter and the cost of the hospital stay was lower in the group N than the group G (P＜0.01).Conclusion Ultrasound and nerve stimulator-guided lumbosacral plexus block combined with low dose of dexmedetomidine could meet the needs of elderly patients undergoing PFNA.%目的 研究腰丛-骶丛神经阻滞复合右美托咪定在老年患者股骨近端防旋髓内钉(PFNA)手术中的麻醉效果和康复影响.方法 择期行PFNA手术患者60例,分为气管插管静吸复合全身麻醉组(G组)和超声联合神经刺激仪引导下腰丛-骶丛神经阻滞复合右美托咪定组(N组).记录两组入室(T0)、气管插管或静脉泵注右美托咪定即刻(T1)、切皮时(T2)、切皮后30min(T3)的心率(HR)、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP).比较两组患者术后2、6、12、24、48 h时点视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分、静脉自控镇痛(PCIA)使用情况、术后1～3 d意识状态评估情况、术后不良反应发生情况、术后首次进食时间、首次排尿时间、首次下床活动时间、住院时间、住院费用.结果 G组T1、T2、T3时间点HR、SBP、DBP与T0比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).术后各时间点N组VAS评分、PCIA按压次数均低于G组(P＜0.05),术后1～3 d老年谵妄测试评分低于G组,恶心呕吐、头晕的发生率明显少于G组(P＜0.01).N组术后首次进食时间、首次排尿时间、首次下床活动时间、住院时间、住院费用均明显低于G组(P＜0.01).结论 超声联合神经刺激仪引导腰丛-骶丛神经阻滞复合右美托咪定能满足老年患者PFNA手术的麻醉需求.