不同部位雪茄烟叶晾制过程中多酚、色素及相关酶活性的变化

摘要

In order to clarify the degradation of polyphenols and plastid pigments and the changes of related enzyme activities in cigar leaves during air-curing, taking Dexue No.1 as the test material, the changes of polyphenols, plastid pigments and related enzyme activities in leaves at different positions of cigar tobacco were studied, and the correlation analyses were carried out. The results showed that the polyphenol contents showed cutters > lower leaf > upper leaf at different positions of cigar plants. The chlorogenic acid content showed a downward trend at all positions, but rutin and scopoletin showed a single peak curve. The plastid pigment gradually decreased with the air-curing process, and it showed upper leaf > cutters > lower leaf. The activities of lipoxygenase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase, polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase at different positions of cigar first increased and then decreased. Correlation analysis showed that polyphenol oxidase activity was positively correlated with polyphenols and pigment content at different positions during air-curing, and significant correlations with chlorogenic acid and β-carotene were also observed. The negative correlations were observed between phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity and polyphenols and pigments, and the significant correlations with chlorogenic acid. Significant positive correlations were observed between peroxidase and lipoxygenase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase and polyphenol oxidase. Therefore, reasonable regulation of enzyme activities during air-curing can control the content of polyphenols and plastid pigments, which is beneficial to improvement of the curing characteristics of cigar.%为明确晾制过程中雪茄烟叶多酚类物质和质体色素的降解规律以及相关酶活性的动态变化,以德雪1号为试验材料,研究了不同部位烟叶晾制期间多酚类物质、质体色素及相关酶活性的变化规律,并进行了相关分析.结果表明,不同部位雪茄烟叶中多酚类物质含量主要表现为中部叶＞下部叶＞上部叶,其中各部位绿原酸含量均呈下降趋势,而芸香苷和莨菪亭含量均呈现单峰曲线.各部位质体色素含量随着晾制过程的推进而逐渐降低,整体表现为上部叶＞中部叶＞下部叶.各部位烟叶中脂氧合酶、苯丙氨酸解氨酶、多酚氧化酶、过氧化物酶等酶活性均呈先增后降趋势.相关分析表明,晾制期间各部位多酚氧化酶活性与多酚、色素含量呈正相关,且与绿原酸和β-胡萝卜素达到显著水平;苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性与多酚、色素含量呈负相关,且与绿原酸达到显著水平.过氧化物酶与脂氧合酶、苯丙氨酸解氨酶、多酚氧化酶均呈显著正相关,因此在晾制过程中合理调控各类酶活性,可以控制多酚类物质及质体色素含量,有利于提高雪茄烟叶调制特性.