烤烟成熟过程中鲜烟颜色值与色素含量变化及相关分析

摘要

In order to provide a theoretical basis for accurate judgment of harvest maturity degrees of tobacco leaves, this study investigated changes of color parameters and pigment contents of flue-cured tobacco leaves during maturing process and their correlational relationship. The color parameters of flue-cured tobacco leaves of four different maturities were determined by color difference meter, and pigment contents was determined by spectrophotometer. This study used analysis of variance and simple correlation analysis. The results showed that lightness value (L*), redness value (a*) and yellowness value (b*) of flue-cured tobacco leaves of various parts showed ascending tendencies during maturing process. There were different significances of differences of color parameters among four treatments with different maturities of tobacco leaves of various parts. During maturing process, variation tendencies of L*, a* and b* of flue-cured tobacco leaves of various parts are different, so the variation trends of color parameters were different. And a*of middle and upper leaves showed a larger. The contents of chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-b, total chlorophyll and carotenoid all showed decreasing tendencies during maturing process, and the ratios of carotenoid and chlorophyll showed a ascending tendency. The lower and upper leaves kept almost simple decreasing amplitudes, but ratios of carotenoid and chlorophyll of middle leaves whose color changing area were between 70%-80%and 80%-90%showed a larger ascending tendency. The color parameters had highly or not highly significant correlation with contents of various pigments and the ratios of carotenoid and chlorophyll. The changes of contents of various pigments can be indicated by the color parameters, so the colorimeters can be supposed to be an auxiliary mean to judge the maturity of tobacco.%为研究烤烟成熟过程中鲜烟叶颜色值与色素含量的变化以及相关性，测定了各部位4个成熟度鲜烟叶的颜色值和色素含量，并进行了相关性分析。结果表明，在烟叶成熟过程中，各部位烟叶的亮度值L*、红度值a*、黄度值b*均不断增大，且各部位烟叶不同成熟度间各颜色值差异显著性不同，颜色值变化趋势存在差异，其中，中、上部叶红度a*值变化较大，增幅显著。各部位烟叶叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素、类胡萝卜素含量均逐渐减小，类叶比值不断增大。下、上部叶类叶比值增幅基本保持不变，而中部烟叶黄绿面积在70%～80%到80%～90%时类叶比值增幅较大。各颜色值均与各色素含量、类叶比值呈显著或极显著性相关关系。表明成熟过程中烤烟叶片颜色值与色素含量关系密切，叶片颜色值变化可以指示烟叶各色素含量的变化，可以将色差计作为判断烟叶成熟度的辅助工具。