[1]Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering;
College of Life Sciences;
Beijing Normal University;
Beijing 100875;
China;
[2]CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology;
Institute of Zoology;
Chinese Academy of Sciences;
Beijing 100101;
China;
[2]CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology;
Institute of Zoology;
Chinese Academy of Sciences;
Beijing 100101;
China;
[3]Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics;
Chinese Academy of Sciences;
Kunming 650223;
China;
[2]CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology;
Institute of Zoology;
Chinese Academy of Sciences;
Beijing 100101;
China;
[3]Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics;
Chinese Academy of Sciences;
Kunming 650223;
China;
[4]Institute for Conservation Research;
San Diego Zoo Global;
San Diego;
CA92027-7000;
USA;
[5]State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents in Agriculture;
Institute of Zoology;
Chinese Academy of Sciences;
Beijing 100101;
China;
[1]Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering;
College of Life Sciences;
Beijing Normal University;
Beijing 100875;
China;
[2]CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology;
Institute of Zoology;
Chinese Academy of Sciences;
Beijing 100101;
China;
[3]Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics;
Chinese Academy of Sciences;
Kunming 650223;
China;
[6]University of Chinese Academy of Sciences;
Beijing 100049;
China;
giant panda; chemical communication; anogenital gland secretions; chemical composition; reproduction;