Based on the non-equilibrium thermodynamics,an internal-variable theory in thermo-viscoelasticity at finite deformation was proposed by Huang in 1999.In this theory,a modified stretch of the molecular chain was introduced,and hence the molecular network model in rubber elasticity was extended to take into account the viscous and thermal effects of the material.The viscous dissipation of the material can then be described by means of these internal variables,which appear in the expression of the modified stretch.In order to give a clearer explanation on the physical implication of the internal variables,a connection between the internal-variable theory and theoretical formulation based on the multiplicative decomposition of the deformation gradient in existing literature is presented in this paper,which allows the above internal-variable theory to be more systematic.
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机译:应用项目反应理论对友谊质量量表修定—以结构方程模型、层面理论多种技术支持修定量表的质量 Modifying Friendship Quality Questionnaire with Item Response Theory Approach——Validating with Facet Theory and Structure Equation Techniques