半干旱区旱地马铃薯全膜覆盖起垄微沟种植技术

摘要

目前西北旱作区马铃薯种植仍以传统的平作培土栽培花期起垄为主，致使马铃薯产量不高、商品率低，生产效益不理想，限制了马铃薯产业的发展。为充分发挥旱地马铃薯生产潜力，增加生产效益，本试验在长期试验研究和技术示范的基础上，以全膜覆盖起垄微沟为核心，通过调节株行距、垄沟大小及垄沟比，并综合土壤耕作、品种选择、适期播种、田间管理、病虫草害防治、适时收获、清除废膜等技术要素，形成了旱地马铃薯全膜覆盖起垄微沟种植技术。该技术的推广应用将对推进西北旱作区马铃薯产业发展有积极作用。%The main potato cultivation technique is the traditional flat planting and ridging at flowering period in semiarid region of Northwest China, resulting in low yield, low marketable potato percentage, and poor economic benefit and these limit the development of potato industry. In order to improve the production potential, and increase the benefit from potato production in semiarid region, the ridge with mini-ditch (i.e. the 60 cm width ridge was built in the field and then 20 cm width furrow dug on top of the ridge), and the whole field plastic mulching were proposed as the key technological components, combined with the adjustment of row and plant space, regulation of size and ratio of ridge and furrow, integration of soil til age, selection of variety, optimization planting time, field management, harvesting time and waste film clearing, based on the long-term experimental research and technological demonstration. Application and extension of these techniques would play a role in promoting the development of potato industry in semiarid region.