内蒙古马铃薯枯萎病病原菌鉴定及其生物学特性

摘要

In recent years, the potato wilt is becoming more and more serious in Inner Mongolia. In order to identify the pathogen, some suspected samples were collected, isolated and identified in Inner Mongolia from 2009 to 2014. Morphologic characteristics, pathogenicity test and molecular method were used to identify the pathogen. The results showed that the main pathogen causing potato wilt was Fusarium oxysporum, F. tricinctum and F. solani in Inner Mongolia. For the growth of F. oxysporum, its optimal temperature was 25 ℃; the optimal pH was 7; the best culture medium was PDA, PSA and Bilais; the optimal carbon source was starch and maltose, and nitrogen source was peptone. For the growth of F. tricinctum, its optimal temperature was 20 ℃; the optimal pH was 7; the best culture medium was cornmeal agar and oatmeal media; and the optimal carbon source and nitrogen source were starch and carbamide. For the growth of F. solani, its optimal temperature was 30℃;the optimal pH was 7;the best culture medium was PSA;the optimal carbon source were glucose and sucrose, and nitrogen source was potassium nitrate.%马铃薯枯萎病在内蒙古马铃薯种植区发生日趋严重。为明确其病原，2009～2014年对采自内蒙古各地的马铃薯枯萎病病样进行病原菌分离和鉴定。通过形态学鉴定和rDNA-ITS测序、同源性比对，得知引起内蒙古马铃薯枯萎病病原菌主要为尖孢镰刀菌（Fusarium oxysporum）、三线镰刀菌（F. tricinctum）和茄病镰刀菌（F. solani）。生物学特性研究结果表明，尖孢镰刀菌的最适生长温度为25℃，最适pH为7，最适合生长的培养基为PDA、PSA、Bilais培养基，最适碳源为淀粉和麦芽糖，最适氮源为蛋白胨；三线镰刀菌的最适生长温度为20℃，最适pH为7，最适生长的培养基为玉米粉和燕麦粉培养基，最适碳源为淀粉，最适氮源为尿素；茄病镰刀菌的最适温度为30℃，最适pH为7，最适合生长的培养基为PSA培养基，最适碳源为葡萄糖和蔗糖，最适氮源为硝酸钾。