纳米颗粒对人食管癌EC-9706、EC-109细胞增殖和凋亡的影响

摘要

目的研究氧化铜（CuO）、氧化锌（ZnO）、二氧化钛（TiO2）纳米颗粒在体外对人食管鳞状癌细胞系EC-9706和EC-109增殖的影响及其部分作用机制。方法使用透射电镜（TEM）、动态光散射（DLS）鉴定纳米颗粒物的理化性质，然后将不同浓度的TiO2、CuO、ZnO（5～80 mg·L－1）与体外培养的 EC-9706和 EC-109细胞孵育，四甲基偶氮唑盐（MTT）法检测细胞生长抑制率，流式细胞术（FCM）法检测细胞周期及凋亡率，Transwell小室法检测细胞侵袭能力，蛋白免疫印迹法检测细胞中Bcl-2和caspase-3蛋白表达情况。结果实验所用的纳米CuO、ZnO、TiO2颗粒为球形，粒径分别为12、20.6、12 nm。在水中与细胞培养液中聚集成较大颗粒并带负电。随着纳米颗粒浓度的增加，纳米CuO和ZnO颗粒可剂量依赖性抑制食管鳞癌细胞的增殖，G0／G1期细胞的比率上调，G2／M期的比率下降，并促进凋亡率增加，侵袭力下降；纳米颗粒处理48 h后，与对照组相比，活化caspase-3表达量明显升高，Bcl-2表达量明显下降（P＜0.05）。纳米TiO2颗粒对食管鳞癌细胞的增殖、凋亡和侵袭能力无明显的影响。结论与纳米TiO2相比，一定浓度的CuO和ZnO纳米颗粒可有效抑制食管鳞癌细胞的生长，阻滞细胞周期于G0／G1期，并诱导其凋亡，这可能是其抑制食管癌细胞功能的作用机制之一。%Aim TostudytheeffectsofCuO,ZnOand TiO2 nanoparticles on the viability and metastatic po-tential of EC-9706 and EC-109 esophageal squamous carcinomacelllineinvitro.Methods Characteristics of CuO,ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles were detected u-sing transmission electron microscope (TEM)and dy-namic light scattering (DLS ).EC-9706 and EC-109 cells were treated with different concentrations of CuO, ZnO and TiO2 (5 ~80 mg · L-1 ).The cell prolifera-tion was analyzed by MTT assay.The cell cycle and apoptotic rates were determined by flow cytometry (FCM).The cell invasion was assayed in Transwell chambers.The expression of Bcl-2 and caspase-3 pro-tein in cells was detected by Western blot method.Re-sults CuO,ZnOandTiO2nanoparticleswerespheri-cal with primary particle size 12,20. 6,12 nm.The particles were agglomerated in water and cell culture medium with negative charge.CuO and ZnO nanoparti-cles induced decreases in EC-9706 and EC-109 cell vi-ability dose-dependently.After exposed to increasing concentrations of CuO and ZnO nanoparticles,the cell cycle analysis revealed a decreasing proportion of cells in G2/Mand S phase,and up-regulation of the cells in G0/G1 phase.Apoptotic cells also increased along with decreased cell invasion upon CuO and ZnO treatment. Nanoparticles treatment after 48 h, the activated caspase-3 expression quantity increased significantly and the Bcl-2 expression quantity decreased obviously (P<0. 05 )compared with control group.TiO2 nanop-articles had no obvious effect on the EC-9706 and EC-109 cell proliferation,cell cycle,apoptosis and inva-sion.Conclusion ComparedwithTiO2,CuOand ZnO nanoparticles can inhibit EC-9706 and EC-109 cell viability and metastatic potential,the mechanism of action involves cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase and apoptosis.These findings can help the development of nanoparticles as anti-cancer therapeutics for esophageal cancer.