腔内心电图引导新生儿PICC尖端定位的研究进展

摘要

腔内心电图 PICC 尖端定位法是指在 PICC 置管过程中,通过导丝或者盐水柱作为腔内电极代替体表心电图的右锁骨下方电极进入上腔静脉获取心房 P 波,根据 P 波形态的变化探测 PICC 尖端的位置.该方法具有定位成功率高、安全性高、节约时间、节省费用等优点,近年来在新生儿中的应用也日益广泛.本文就腔内心电图 PICC 尖端定位法在新生儿中应用的依据、导联及引导方式的选择、优势和局限等方面进行综述,以期为临床提供参考,使该方法更好地在临床推广应用.%Intracavitary electrocardiogram means that in the process of PICC catheterization, the guide wire or saline column is used as the intracavity electrode instead of right shoulder electrode of the standard surface electrocardiogram to enter the superior vena cava and obtain the atrial P wave to know the position of PICC tip. Intracavitary electrocardiogram has been increasing applied in newborns because of the advantages on localization accuracy, safety, time and cost saving. This article reviews the basis of intracavitary electrocardiography in the positioning of neonatal PICC, the choice of lead and guidance, the advantages and limitations, to provide references for clinical application.