粤语与普通话大学生的普通话语音加工

摘要

Objective: To compare similarities and differences in mandarin phonological process between the mandarin-spoken university students and the cantonese-spoken university students. Methods: Twenty-seven cantonese-spoken university students and 30 mandarin-spoken university students were recruited. Their initial awareness,final awareness and tone awareness were tested by Oddball Test of phonological process. In the same time, all subjects were tested the rapid automatized naming speed with rapid automatized naming test (including number, letter,color and figure). All subjects were tested phonological working memory with Psychology Experiment System. Onesample-test was used to analysis the data. Results: The cantonese-spoken university students scored lower in final awareness [(10.4 ±2.2) vs. (11.6±0.8),P＜0.01] and phonological awareness [(31.9 ±4.7) vs. (34.1 ± 1.6), P ＜ 0. 05] than the mandarin-spoken university students. There were significant differences between the two groups in the rapid automatized naming speed of number [ (26. 2 ±4.3) ms vs. (22.2 ± 3.1) ms, P ＜ 0. 01 ], letter [(30.5 ±5.1) ms vs. (26. 2 ±4. 0) ms, P＜0.01],color [ (49. 3 ± l. 0) ms vs. (42. 0 ± 8. 4) ms;P＜0.01] except figure. The scores were significant slower in the cantonese-spoken university students than in the mandarin-spoken university students. There was no significant difference in working memory between the two groups [ (1.8 ± 0. 6) vs. (2. 2 ± 0. 8), P ＞ 0. 05]. Conclusion: The abilities of mandarin phonological process of the cantonese-spoken university students are significantly poorer than that of cantonese-spoken university students. The differences mainly exist in final awareness, and the rapid automatized naming speed. Those results indicate that researchers should treat the cantonese-spoken people and the cantonese-spoken people as different groups in the studies on chinese phonological process.%目的:比较粤语大学生与普通话大学生普通话语音加工能力的异同,为第二语言学习和普通话教育的推广提供参考依据.方法:根据粤语、普通话双语历史评估,选择27名粤语大学生和30名普通话大学生为研究对象.采用oddball范式,对被试普通话的声母、韵母、声调意识进行测试;采用自编的快速命名测试(数字、字母、颜色、图形)对其进行命名速度测试;利用心理实验测试系统(PES)直接测试并记录被试的语音工作记忆得分.对上述结果采用独立样本t检验的方法进行比较.结果:粤语大学生韵母得分和总分低于普通话大学生(P＜0.01),声母和声调得分两组差异无统计学意义.粤语大学生在数字、字母、颜色快速命名时间明显长于普通话大学生(均P＜0.01),而图形快速命名时间两组差异无统计学意义;粤语大学生和普通话大学生工作记忆水平差异无统计学意义.结论:粤语大学生的普通话语音加工能力显著低于普通话大学生,主要体现在韵母意识和快速命名速度上.提示我们在今后的汉语语音加工研究中,应对粤语和普通话人群区别对待.