DSM 孤独症谱系障碍诊断分类标准的演变、影响与展望

摘要

The accurate diagnose is the precondition of effective intervention and services for autism spec-trum disorder,however it must rely on the scientific diagnostic criteria.The American Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders(DSM)is one of the most widely used diagnostic criteria for psychiatric disorders at present.It provides important diagnostic basis for the field of basic and clinical neuroscience,cognitive and behav-ioral science and disability research.The major change of autism spectrum disorder diagnostic criteria in the newly-published DSM-5 include the combination of disorder classification,the simplification of diagnostic criteria and divi-sion according to the severity level.Affected by this,it made the prevalence,the clinical research as well as educa-tion and related social services something new.In the future,incorporation of the social-psychological factors,com-patible with ICD and localization of ASD diagnostic criteria may be the major field of the diagnostic and classified criteria of ASD series research.%准确的诊断分类是孤独症谱系障碍有效干预服务的前提，而准确的诊断分类离不开科学的诊断分类标准。美国《精神障碍诊断与统计手册》（DSM）作为目前使用最广泛的精神类障碍诊断分类标准之一，为基础与临床神经科学、认知与行为科学以及残疾研究等领域的相关人员对包括孤独症谱系障碍在内的精神障碍的诊断分类提供了重要依据。新出版的 DSM-5有关孤独症谱系障碍诊断分类标准的变化主要包括障碍分类合并、诊断标准简化以及依障碍程度划分三方面。受此影响，对孤独症谱系障碍的患病群体、临床研究以及教育及相关社会服务等方面带来了一定的变化。未来，纳入社会－心理性因素的考量、与 ICD 系统进一步兼容以及孤独症谱系障碍诊断分类标准的本土化则可能是 ASD 诊断分类标准的重点研究领域。