目的:通过研究可用于肼类燃料和硝基氧化剂毒气泄漏检测的各种技术方法,研制液体推进剂系列毒气泄漏监测仪器.方法:采用电化学和红外光谱技术,通过探讨其原理和关键技术设计液体推进剂毒气泄漏监测仪器,并测试其相关性能.结果:设计的电化学类毒气监测仪器具有灵敏度高的优点,但使用寿命短,响应慢；而红外光谱类毒气监测仪器使用寿命长,响应快,无需经常标定,但灵敏度不及电化学类仪器.结论:电化学类毒气监测仪器性能上有局限性,但经过几十年的发展业已成熟；光谱类毒气监测仪应用前景广阔,但尚需在优化性能方面做进一步工作.%Objective To study different available technical methods and serial toxic monitoring instruments for leakage checking in the places where a large quantities of hydrazine fuels and nitro-oxidizers are used. Methods Principle and key points of propellant monitoring instruments based on electrochemistry and infrared spectroscopy to monitor the liquid propellant toxic gas at real time were discussed and their relevant performances were tested. Results The instruments employing electrochemical sensors had the advantages of high sensitivity and fine stability, but long responding time and short lifespan; while the instruments based on infrared spectroscopy had the advantages of long lifespan, short responding time and long calibration cycle, but low sensitivity. Conclusion The instruments based on electrochemical sensors are applicable compared with infrared spectroscopy ones although they are limited in some of the performances. The infrared spectroscopy instruments have broad prospects if some of the operating performances are improved in the future study.
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