H6N1亚型禽流感病毒跨种属传播研究进展

摘要

禽流感病毒H6N1亚型广泛存在于水禽和陆禽,是最常分离到的甲型流感病毒亚型,遗传分析表明该病毒可能是高致病禽流感病毒H5N1的前体.随着病毒基因的持续进化,H6N1可跨种间屏障传播至哺乳动物,其对于哺乳动物小鼠、猪和雪貂已经具有较强感染能力.血清流行病学调查结果显示少数人H6禽流感病毒抗体阳性,2013年5月,我国台湾出现全球首例人类感染H6N1亚型流感病毒.因此,H6N1病毒宿主范围不断扩大,在这些宿主内可发生病毒基因突变、基因重配,进而演变为具有感染人类潜能的新变异株的可能.本文从病原学、流行病学、病毒感染哺乳动物和人类等方面对H6N1亚型禽流感病毒的研究进展进行综述,以期为H6N1禽流感病毒的防控提供参考.%Avian influenza virus H6N1 subtype has been circulating in aquatic bird and terrestrial bird,and is the most frequently detected subtype of influenza A virus in those hosts.Genetic analysis results suggested that this virus might be the progenitor of the highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus,as seven of eight gene segments of those viruses had a common source.As continuing evolution of H6N1,it could spread across species barriers to mammals and had strong infection ability in mice,swine and ferrets.Serological epidemiological survey showed that a few people were positive for H6 avian influenza virus antibody and then the world's first human infection with influenza virus H6N1 subtype was reported in May 2013.Therefore,with the expansion of the host range of the virus,gene mutation and gene reassortment of H6N1 virus can occur in these hosts,and then it may evolve into novel variant strain with infected human potential.