1996-2015年青海省三江源地区鼠疫流行病学分析

摘要

We have evaluated the plague epidemic situation in the Three Rivers Source Region,Qinghai Province in recent 20 years to provide the basis for revising the plague prevention countermeasures.We have analyzed the time distribution and the plague epidemic situation between animals and human beings during twenty years in the Three Rivers Source Region,Qinghai Province by describing epidemiology.The animal plague in the natural source of Marmot plague was extremely serious in the Three Rivers Source Region during the past 20 years.It mainly distributes in Yushu State and Tanggula County,Germu City and the serious season ran through the whole period of marmot camp ground activities and the peak was between June and August.Human plague epidemic took place between May and October each year and reached its peak between July and September.The peak covered about 41.67％ at most.It mainly endemic distributes in Nangqian and Xinghai Country.During the past 20 years,we have totally found 14 human plague epidemics in the Three Rivers Source Region,among which 48 cases took place and there were deaths of 17 cases.The fatality rate was 35.42％.The lung type was the majority among 48 cases,which startde with the glandular type.During the past 20 years the plague epidemic has been active and the animal plague epidemic broke out continuously in the Three Rivers Source Region,Qinghai Province.The variety of animals and insects infected the plague epidemic was increasing.The human plague epidemics is most serious with high fatality rate,but it is on the decline as a whole.%目的 探讨青海省三江源地区近20年间鼠疫流行势态,为制定青海省鼠疫防制对策提供依据.方法 采用描述流行病学方法,对20年间青海省三江源地区动物及人间鼠疫的三间分布和流行状况进行分析.结果 20年间,青海省三江源地区旱獭鼠疫自然疫源地动物鼠疫流行猛烈,主要地区分布在玉树州和格尔木市唐古拉山乡,流行季节贯穿旱獭营地面活动的整个时期,流行高峰在6～8月份.人间鼠疫主要分布在囊谦、兴海等地区,流行期为每年的5～10月份,高峰在7～9月份,以9月份最高约占41.67％;20年间,青海省三江源地区共人间鼠疫疫情14起,发病48例,死亡17例,病死率为35.42％,48例病例中以肺型居多,首发以腺型为高.结论 20年间,青海省三江源地区疫源地始终处于活跃状态,动物间鼠疫疫情连续不断,参与流行的动物及昆虫种类不断增加;人间鼠疫病情重,病死率高,但人间鼠疫发病形势总体呈下降趋势.