昆山市2007至2011年托幼机构儿童意外伤害分析

摘要

Objective To study the status of children accidental injury in nurseries and kindergartens in Kunshan City so as to propose effective prevention and intervention measures. Methods The accidental injury accidents reported by nurseries and kindergartens from 2007 to 2011 were summarized and analyzed to calculate the incidence and constituent ratio. Results In the period of 2007 to 2011, the overall incidence rate of accidental injury was 0. 53% ( 822/155 918 ). The accident rate of boys ( 0.72% , 576/80 139 ) was higher than that of girls ( 0. 53% , 246/75 779 ), and the difference was significant (x2 = 115.42,P <0.01 ). There was statistical difference in accident rate among different years (χ2=39. 21 ,P <0.01 ). With age increasing, the incidence of accidental injury showed rising trend (χ2= =25.55, P <0. 01 ). The incidence of accidental injury was highest in autumn, and abrasion ( 38. 08% ) and collision ( 25.43% ) were the leading types of injuries. Among the location of injuries, head-face and four limbs were most common, accounting for 53. 53% and 46. 23% , respectively. Conclusion Propaganda and training should be strengthened in nurseries and kindergartens to improve the security awareness of teaching staff and children. Necessary safety skills and knowledge should be mastered so as to reduce the occurrence of accidental injury.%目的 了解昆山市托幼机构儿童意外伤害发生现状,以便提出有效预防和干预措施.方法 将2007至2011年托幼机构上报的意外伤害事故进行汇总分析,计算发生率及构成比,并加以分析.结果 2007至2011年间意外伤害总发生率为0.53%(822/155 918);男童意外伤害发生率为0.72%(576/80 139),高于女童0.53%(246/75 779),差异具有统计学意义(χ2=115.42,P<0.01);各年度之间意外伤害事故发生率比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=39.21,P<0.01);随着年龄的增长,儿童意外伤害发生率呈上升趋势(χ2=25.55,P<0.01);意外伤害事故发生季节中,以秋季发生率最高;事故发生种类中,以擦伤、碰伤为多见,分别占38.08%和25.43;发生事故部位中,以头面部、四肢为最常见,分别占53.53%和46.23%.结论 在托幼机构中应加强宣传培训,提高保教人员及儿童的安全防范意识,掌握必须的安全技能和知识,以减少意外伤害事故的发生.