深圳市福田区2013至2015年小学生视力状况调查分析

摘要

目的 全面了解和掌握深圳市福田区小学生视力不良情况及变化规律,为视力不良防治工作提供科学依据.方法 随机选取辖区内2013至2015年在校就读的小学生健康体检资料,对视力检查结果进行统计分析.结果 共选取3年间7455例有效视力检查者,视力不良总检出率为51.46%(3836/7455).2015年视力不良检出率最高,为64.33%,2013年视力不良检出率最低,为42.49%,差异具有统计学意义(χ2=244.37,P<0.01).视力不良群体以中度视力低下为主,构成比为36.50%(1400/3836),轻度为32.90%(1262/3836),重度为30.60%(1174/3836),差异具有统计学意义(χ2=30.45,P<0.01).女生的视力不良率分别为53.72%(1833/3412),高于男生的49.54%(2003/4043),差异具有统计学意义(χ2=12.94,P<0.01).低年级学生视力不良以轻度为主,3年间呈逐年增长趋势,差异具有统计学意义(χ2=118.4,P<0.01).结论 3年间小学生视力不良率呈逐年增加趋势,以中度视力低下为主,女生视力不良率高于男生,小学生视力不良率逐年低龄化,低年级学生视力不良以轻度为主.%Objective To grasp the situation of poor vision and its rules of development of primary school students in Futian District of Shenzhen, so as to offer scientific basis for prevention of poor vision.Methods The data of health physical examination of primary school students in Futian District of Shenzhen from 2013 to 2015 were randomly collected, and the results of visual examination were analyzed statistically.Results From 2013 to 2015, a total of 7455 primary school students were examined.The total detection rate of poor vision was 51.46%(3836/7455).The detection rate of poor vision was highest in 2015 (64.33%), and it was lowest in 2013 (42.49%). The difference among different years was significant (χ2 =244.37, P<0.01).Among the primary school students, students with moderate poor vision predominated, accounting 36.50%(1400/3836) , while those with mild and severe poor vision only accounted for 32.90%(1262/3836) and 30.60%(1174/3836), respectively.The differences were significant (χ2 =30.45,P<0.01).The detection rate of poor vision in girls was 53.72%(1833/3412), which was significantly higher than that in boys (49.54%, 2003/4043) (χ2 =12.94, P<0.01) .Mild poor vision predominated in junior students, and the cases increased year by year with statistically significant difference (χ2 =118.4, P<0.01).Conclusion The rate of poor vision shows a yearly increasing trend from 2013 to 2015, among which moderate poor vision predominates.The poor vision rate of girls is higher than boys.Poor vision shows a lower age trend, and mild poor vision is the most type in junior students.