目的 研究中孕期胎儿鼻骨长度测量的临床意义.方法 产前超声对1 148例中孕期胎儿进行系统筛查,同时对胎儿鼻骨进行测量,得到1 124例中孕期正常胎儿鼻骨长度的范围,并对其中24例诊断为鼻骨发育不全的超声资料和染色体检查结果进行回顾性分析.结果 中孕期正常胎儿鼻骨显示率100％,鼻骨长度随孕周的增加而增加.其中24例胎儿鼻骨发育不全(2.1％),其中染色体核型检查异常18例(75％):17例21-三体,1例18-三体.18例染色体异常中15例合并多发畸形(83.3％),3例无合并畸形；6例染色体正常且均无合并畸形.结论 胎儿鼻骨发育不全多数合并染色体异常,超声检测中孕期胎儿鼻骨是染色体异常的重要结构标记.%Objective To evaluate the clinical significance of length measurements of fetal nasal bones by Ultrasound. Methods Systematic screenings were performed on 1 148 fetuses in the second trimester by ultrasound and the lengths of nasal bone of all the fetuses were measured. The length of nasal bone was within the normal range in 1 124 fetuses. Nasal bone hypoplasia was found in 24 fetuses. Ultrasonic data and chromosomal test results of the 24 cases were retrospectively analyzed. Results Nasal bones of all the normal fetuses in the second trimester were perfectly shown. Their lengths were increased with the increment of gestational weeks. Nasal bone hypoplasia was found in 24 etuses. Eighteen(75%) were abnormal in chromosomal karyotype examination(17 cases were trisomy 21, 1 case was trisomy 18). Multiple malformations were concurrent in 15 cases of the 18 cases with abnormal chromosomes (83. 3%). No malformation was found in the rest three cases. No deformity was shown in all the 6 cases which were nasal bone hypoplastic but with normal chromosomes. Conclusions Nasal bone hypoplasia is usually concurrent with chromosomal abnormality. Nasal bone of fetuses in the second trimester examined by ultrasound is an important structural mark.
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