目的 通过与两步式扩张法的对比分析探讨超声引导下球囊扩张法建立皮肾通道的有效性及安全性.方法 在超声引导下分别采用球囊扩张法及两步式扩张法建立皮肾通道行经皮肾镜取石术28例.对通道建立时间,通道建立一次成功率,出血率,手术并发症,术后出院时间等临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 球囊组和两步式扩张组通道建立时间分别为(7.0±2.7) min和(13.1±6.7) min,一次性通道建立成功率分别为92.9％和85.7％,术后血红蛋白含量较术前平均下降率分别为(4.5±1.2)％和(6.1±1.6)％,术后出院时间分别为(6.4±2.3)d和(6.8±3.0)d,术后两组各出现1例发热,无其他严重并发症发生.结论 球囊扩张可以在超声引导下顺利实施,利用球囊扩张法建立皮肾通道与两步式扩张法同样安全有效.%Objective To compare the efficacy and security of balloon dilation and two-step dilation guided by ultrasonography in establishing percutaneous nephrolithotomy access. Methods 28 cases of percutaneous nephrolithoto-my access were established by balloon dilator or two-step dilation under the ultrasound guidance. Clinical data including the time for setting the renal access, access success rate in one time, complications and hospital stay after operation were analyzed retrospectively. Results The average time for setting the renal access of the two groups was (7. 0 + 2. 7) min and (13. 1±6. 68) min, access success rate in one time was 92. 9% and 85. 7%. After the operation, the hemoglobin decreased by (4. 5 + 1. 2)% and (6. 1 + 1. 6)%, the average time of hospital stay after operation was (6.4 + 2.3) days and (6. 8±3. 0) days, there was no complication occurred except 1 case postoperative fever each group. Conclusions Same as two-step dilation, balloon dilation under the ultrasound guidance is a safe and effective means for establishing percutaneous nephrolithotomy access.
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