经食管实时三维超声心动图在室间隔缺损封堵器大小选择中的应用价值

摘要

Objective To evaluate the usefulness of real-time three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (RT-3D TEE) in the perventricular device occlusion of the ventricular septal defect (VSD).Methods Sixty patients underwent perventricular device occlusion of VSD were divided into two groups.Group A:30 patients,3D images of VSD were obtained intraoperatively by RT-3D TEE.3D images were analyzed and the maximal and minimum area and maximal diameter of VSD were measured in the cardiac cycle.The size of selected VSD occluder was the diameter calculated from the maximal area based on the formula πD2/4 and plus 1～2 mm.Simultaneously,two dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (2D TEE) images of VSD were obtained and measured on standard views.Group B:other 30 patients,intraoperative 2D TEE was performed to measure the diameter of VSD on standard views.The selection VSD occluder was based on the maximal diameter plus 1～2 mm.Results The VSDs shape showed oval,class round and irregular by RT-3D TEE imaging.There was a significant difference between the maximal area and smallest area of VSD appeared in the cardiac cycle obtained by RT-3D TEE (P<0.01).There was a significant difference between the maximal diameter by measurement of RT-3D TEE and 2D TEE (P<0.01).Of all 30 patients with evaluation of VSD size based on the RT-3D TEE,1.1 times attempts of device occlusion were performed on one patient (33/30).Of the other 30 cases with evaluation of VSD size by 2D TEE,2 cases were failed with device occlusion because of instant residual shunt.Of the remaining 28 cases,1.43 attempts of device occlusion were performed on one patient (40/28).Conclusions RT-3D TEE can accurately reveal the size of VSD,and aid in the selection of VSD occluder in the device occluding procedure of VSD.%目的 探讨经食管实时三维超声心动图(RT-3D TEE)在指导室间隔缺损(VSD)封堵器大小选择中的应用价值.方法 60例单纯VSD患者,三维组30例,术中应用RT-3D TEE采集VSD三维全容积图像或实时三维局部放大动态图像,测量心动周期中VSD最大面积、最小面积以及最大径,根据最大面积获得具有相似腰部面积的封堵器直径,在此直径基础上加1~2 mm作为所选用封堵器的大小;同时多角度采集VSD二维图像,测量缺损大小.二维组30例,术中应用经食管超声心动图(TEE)于心脏四腔或五腔观、左心室长轴以及大动脉短轴观测量缺损大小,在最大径基础上加1~2 mm作为所选用封堵器的大小.结果 RT-3D TEE观察VSD形状具有多态性.RT-3D TEE测量心动周期中VSD最大面积与最小面积差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).RT-3D TEE所测VSD最大径与同组二维测量最大径差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).三维组术后即刻未出现残余分流及封堵器移位,术中变更封堵器大小3次,封堵成功平均需 1.10 次(33/30);二维组因即刻出现残余分流致封堵失败2例,封堵成功者术中变更封堵器大小12次,封堵成功平均需 1.43 次(40/28),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).结论 RT-3D TEE 能准确反映VSD的形态及大小,有助于封堵器大小的选择.