波尔山羊杂交改良海南黑山羊生长性能研究初报

摘要

The 1st and 2nd generations(F_1 and F_2) of the cross between Boer goat and Hainan black goat,and the Hainan black goat were measured and compared at the age of 0,2,4,6,8,10 and 12 months in terms of body weight,body height,body length,chest depth,chest breadth,chest circumference and waist angle width. The F_1 and F_2 were significantly higher in body weight than the Hainan black goat at corresponding ages,increasing by 6.25%～73.68% and 15.34%～90.55%,respectively,which showed highly significant heterosis. The Hainan black goats had a higher daily gain only at the age of 0 to 2 months and then gave a decreased daily growth generally,whereas the F_1 and F_2 had a much higher daily gain in body weight at the ages of 0～2 months and their body weight came to peak at the respective ages of 2～4 months and 8～10 months; 0～4 months and 8～10 months were the rapid growth stages for the F_1 and F_2 and 0～2 months was the rapid growth stage for Hainan black goats,during which feeding care and management should be strengthened to improve the growth rate of the goats for higher benefits; the F_1 and F2 were obviously higher in chest breadth and waist angle width than the Hainan black goats and tended to grow in body shape similar to their male parent (Boer goat),a typical of meat goat. This will offer theoretical foundation and scientific basis for rational development and utilization and hybridization of Hainan black goat.%测定并比较波尔山羊与海南黑山羊的杂种F_1、F_2代及海南黑山羊的0(初生),2,4,6,8,10,12(周岁)月龄的体重、体高、体斜长、胸深、胸宽、胸围、腰角宽等体尺指标.结果表明:相应年龄的波黑F_1、F_2代羊的体重明显高于海南黑山羊,初生至周岁各生长测定阶段F_1、F_2代羊体重较海南黑山羊分别增加了6.25%～73.68%,15.34%～90.55%,杂交效果极其显著;海南黑山羊只有0～2月龄平均日增重指标处于较高水平,之后生长速度基本处于下降状态,而波黑F_1、F_2代的0～2月龄平均日增重指标处于更高水平,并具有2～4月龄和8～10月龄2个体重增长高峰期;0～4月龄和8～10月龄为波黑F_1、F_2的2个快速生长阶段,0～2月龄为海南黑山羊的快速生长阶段,此时期应加强饲养管理以充分发挥其生长性能,提高养羊业的经济效益;波黑F_1、F_2代胸宽和腰角宽明显大于海南黑山羊.有向其父本体型发展的趋势,具有典型的肉羊体型.研究结果能为海南黑山羊的合理开发利用及杂交育种提供理论基础和科学依据.