菠萝茎叶还田对土壤理化特性及下茬菠萝生长的调控效应

摘要

在大田条件下研究菠萝茎叶粉碎后直接还田(简称茎叶还田)对土壤理化特性以及下茬菠萝植株生长等的影响.结果表明,茎叶还田后土壤容重显著降低;土壤有机质、有效P、速效K含量等较对照有不同程度的提高,但土壤有效N含量降低.土壤中的脲酶、过氧化氢酶、酸性磷酸酶以及转化酶活性增强,其中酸性磷酸酶和转化酶显著提高.菠萝茎叶还田后土壤中的细菌、放线菌数量增多,真菌数量减少.菠萝茎叶还田促进了下茬菠萝植株生长,株高、叶长、叶宽、青叶数、根条数、根长以及地上部和地下部鲜质量等指标都高于对照.茎叶还田提高了下茬菠萝叶片的叶绿素、可溶性糖及可溶性蛋白含量,植株根系活力增强.茎叶还田后菠萝果实纵、横径增加,单果重、产量提高.%A field experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of shattered stem-leaf returning directly (RD) on the physic-chemical properties of soil and the growth performances of next-cropping pineapples. The obtained results indicated that bulk density of soil was decreased by RD treatment. Contents of organic matter, available P and available K of soil were increased in some degree when compared with the control. The activities of urease, catalase, acid phosphatase and invertase of soil were strengthened. In particular, significant difference was observed in acid phosphatase and invertase when compared with the control. RD treatment increased the population of bacteria and actinomycetes in soil. But the population of fungi was decreased when compared with the control. RD promoted the growth of next-cropping pineapple plants. The growth characteristics such as plant height, leaf length, number of green leaves, number of roots, and root length as well as the weight of aboveground and underground were higher than those of the control. The contents of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b were increased. The contents of soluble sugar and protein of leaf were both significantly increased by RD treatment. And also, the vigor of the roots of pineapple of RD was markedly higher than that of the control. RD promoted the growth of pineapple fruits with increasing the transverse diameter, longitudinal diameter, weight per fruit and yield.