非洲香蕉和大蕉产销概况

摘要

非洲是全球重要的香蕉和大蕉产出地。2009年非洲香蕉总产约为世界的12.6%;大蕉总产约为世界的81%。两者合计非洲香蕉和大蕉总产约为世界的28%。尤其在非洲撒哈拉边缘,大蕉占了当地大约1亿居民主食的四分之一。非洲香蕉和大蕉主生产区主要分布在非洲东部、西部和中部。东部非洲各国香蕉总产大约为780万t,平均每公顷香蕉产出仅6.7t;大蕉总产大约为1 400万t;香蕉产量上乌干达、卢旺达,坦桑尼亚,肯尼亚分别为前4名;大蕉产量方面,坦桑尼亚,布隆迪、乌干达、肯尼亚分别为前4名。西部非洲各个国家香蕉总产大约为92万t;大蕉总产大约为840万t;香蕉产量上科特迪瓦、几内亚、利比里亚、加纳分别为前4名;大蕉产量方面加纳、尼日利亚、科特迪瓦、几内亚分别为前4名。中部非洲各个国家香蕉总产大约为170万t;平均每公顷单产约7 t;大蕉总产大约为306万t;香蕉产量中安哥拉、喀麦隆、刚果民主共和国、中非分别为前4名;大蕉产量方面喀麦隆、刚果民主共和国、加蓬、中非分别为前4名。尽管非洲是重要的大蕉和香蕉生产区,但只有香蕉被用于出口,目前非洲香蕉出口地主要集中在欧共体市场,占欧共体市场11%的份额,其出口长期由喀麦隆和象牙塔国家垄断,自2006年后加纳开拓了欧盟市场。%Africa is the main production region of bananas and plantains（Musa spp.） in the world.The total of bananas in Africa occupies 12.6% of banana production of the world,and plantains（AAB genome） occupy up to 81%.Putting bananas and plantains together,it account for 28% of banana consumed in the world.Bananas and plantains are important food crops in the humid forest and mid-altitude zones of sub-Saharan Africa and provide more than 25% of the carbohydrates for approximately 100 million people in the producing regions.Central,Easter and West Africa is important area of plantains production of Africa.7.8 million tons of banana sand 14 million tons of plantains were produced in Easter Africa,the average production per Ha was 6.7 t only,where Uganda is the largest producer of bananas followed by Rwanda,Tanzania,Kenya while Tanzania is the largest producer of plantain followed by burundi and Uganda etc.About 0.92and 8.4 million tons of bananas and plantains were harvested in West Africa,respectively,and Cote d＇ Ivoire produced the largest bananas followed by Guinea,Liberia and Gana,while Gana,Nigeria,Cote d＇ Ivoire and Guinea produced the largest plantains in turn.Central Africa produced about 1.7 million tons and 3.06 million tons of bananas and plantains respectively.Over there Angola,Cameroon,Democratic Congo and Central africa is the largest bananas production in turn and the ranking of the largest plantains production were Cameroon,Democratic Congo,Gabon and Central africa.Only dessert bananas（AAA genome） are shipped from Africa to EU and despite Africa being a major production zone for banana and plantain.In regard to dessert banana,Cameroon and Ivory Coast have long monopolized African exports to the EU but since 2006 Ghana has began exportation.