海南芦笋园杂草种类调查及杂草防除技术研究

摘要

A syste matica l investigation of weeds was conducted in asparagus plantation of Hainan Province, and the dominant weed populations were determined. Then, weed control experiments were conducted. The results showed that there were 106 weed species belonging to 23 families in the asparagus garden. Of them, nine species were considered as dominant weeds, including Melinis repens, Panicum maximum, Imperata cylindrica, Digitaria setigera, Chromolaena odorata, Praxelis clematidea, Tridax procumbens and Mimosa pudica. Of the weed control strategies, coverage control and chemical control could control weeds to a certain degree:after 60d covering of nine plants, the control effect reached more than 60%. Covering the weed by cocered Pueraria lobata, Calopogonium mucunoides, Eupatorium odoratum, Mikania micrantha and Tithonia diversifolia increased the shoot number and the diameter of new shoots of asparagus. After application of four kinds of herbicides 60 d, Haloxyfop and acetochlor could control the weeds to a higher extent and were also safe to asparagus plants. In actual production practices, combining the covering and chemical weed control could control weeds to the maximum extent in the asparagus plantation.%系统调查海南芦笋种植区的主要杂草种类，明确芦笋园的杂草优势种群，并以此为基础进行盆栽芦笋化学除草药效试验及覆盖控草试验。结果表明，海南芦笋园常见杂草有21科106种，其中优势种群由马齿苋、红尾翎、短颖马唐、龙爪茅、牛筋草、砖子苗、假臭草、伞房花耳草及鳢肠9种构成。采用覆盖控草和化学除草可在一定程度上控制杂草的发生：覆盖9种植物60 d后，防效可达60%以上，且覆盖葛藤、毛蔓豆、飞机草、薇甘菊、肿柄菊后，芦笋抽笋数和新笋径围都显著高于其余各处理；施用4种除草剂60 d后，盖草能和乙草胺对盆栽芦笋的防效较高且安全。因此，在实际生产中，通过覆盖控草和化学除草相结合，可最大限度的控制芦笋园中杂草。