关节镜下经后侧入路重建后交叉韧带

摘要

目的 探讨关节镜下经后内侧、后外侧和后纵隔入路保留板股韧带和残留的后交叉韧带(PCL)纤维重建PCL的临床效果. 方法 对9例PCL损伤患者在关节镜下结合常规关节镜入路和后内侧、后外侧入路及后纵隔入路保留板股韧带和残留的PCL纤维,应用自体腘绳肌腱重建PCL.在后外侧入路的关节镜监视下,胫骨隧道定位在PCL胫骨止点外侧关节面下方1～1.5 cm.股骨隧道经前外侧入路定位于股骨内侧髁关节软骨后方1 cm.自体肌腱移植物利用钢丝引导通过骨隧道,移植物两端用可吸收界面螺钉固定.术后6个月了解膝关节功能恢复情况.结果 9例患者均获随访,时间7～14个月,平均8.6个月.术后6个月,患者均无伸膝受限；2例有10°～15°屈膝受限；1例有Ⅰ度后抽屉试验阳性.Lysholm膝关节功能评分术前(47.6±14.9)分,术后6个月(92.9±4.6)分(P＜0.01). 结论 膝关节后内外侧入路和后纵隔入路重建PCL的方法,镜下视野清楚、无盲区,操作安全,韧带的胫骨止点定位准确,短期疗效肯定.%Objective To evaluate the clinical results of arthroscopic reconstruction of posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) via posteromedial,posterolateral and posterior trans-septal portals with the preservation of intact meniscofemoral ligaments and remnant PCL fibers.Methods Nine patients with PCL injuries were treated with autogenous hamstring tendons arthroscopically through routine arthroscopic portal,posteromedial portal,posterolateral portal and posterior trans-septal portal with preservation of intact meniscofemoral ligaments and remnant PCL fibers.Tibial tunnel of 1-1.5 cm was made below the lateral articular surface of PCL tibial attachment via arthroscopic posterolateral approach.Femoral tunnel of 1 cm was made posterior to the articular cartilage of the medial femoral condyle through anterolateral approach.Autogenous tendon graft was positioned in the knee joint through the navigation of tibial and femoral double-folded silk loops that traversed the bone tunnels and was fixed with bioabsorbable interface screws at both ends.Knee function was evaluated with Lysholm scale six months postoperatively.Results All patients were followed up for average 8.6 months (range,7-14 months).None of the patients had knee extension limitation six months postoperatively,but there were two patients with 10°-15° flexion limitation and one withⅠ degree positive result in posterior drawer test.Lysholm knee score was increased from preoperative (47.6 ± 14.9)points to (92.9 ±4.6) points at six months postoperatively (P ＜0.01).Conclusion PCL reconstruction via posteromedial,posterolateral and posterior trans-septal portals can obtain clear vision (with no blind area),safe operation,accurate positioning of tibial attachment and affirmative short term treatment results.