目的:探讨焦虑的产生原因和特征,以期更深刻地认识焦虑的性质.方法:对弗洛伊德、霍妮、沙利文提出的焦虑理论进行分析和评价.结果:焦虑是由于个体预料到内外刺激对其自尊产生威胁,而又自感没有能力来应付时产生的情绪体验.而判断内外刺激是否威胁到自尊,以及确定自己是否有能力来应付则是由认知评价决定的.结论:刺激、自尊、认知评价和能力是决定焦虑的四大重要因素.焦虑症在药物治疗的同时,更要加强心理治疗,让患者对疾病具有一定的自知力,运用认知的重建,矫正患者的歪曲认知,从而抑制焦虑症状的产生.%AIM: To investigate the causes and features of anxiety for further understanding of this disorder.METHODS: The theories of anxiety introduced by Freud, Karen Homey and Harry S. Sullivan were analyzed and assessed.RESULTS: Anxiety was emotional experience occurred when an individual anticipated that his/her self-respect was threatened by internal and external stimulus but he felt that he could not cope with such threats. Whereas, it was up to the cognitive evaluation to determine whether such internal and external stimulus threatened self-respect and to identify whether one could handle such threats.CONCLUSION: Stimulation, self-respect, cognitive evaluation and ability are the key factors that determine the anxiety. Treatment of anxiety should not based on medicine, but also carefully consider psychological treatment. Patients should be informed with the nature of this disease so that they have certain self-awareness to improve their ability to handle the threats,correct any misunderstanding, and rebuild cognition.
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