BACKGROUND: As the articular cartilage almost has no self-repair capacity, and in clinic, the repair on it mainly depends on the autologous or allogenic cartilage transplantation, perichondrium or periosteal transplantation and the chondrocytes transplantation. The limitation of autologous cartilage source and the chronic immune rejection of allograft cartilage may eventually lead to the poor prognosis. The cartilage repaired by perichondrium or periosteum transplantation is easy to degenerate which may lead to a poor repair result.OBJECTIVE: To review the research progress of tissue engineered chondrocytes , bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and the co-culture of them on the repair of allogeneic cartilage defects.METHODS: A computer-based search on the PubMed database and CNKI database from January 1994 to January 2012 was performed for the articles on tissue engineered chondrocytes and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells for the repair of allograft articular cartilage defects. The English key words were "cartilage defect, allograft, chondrocyte, mesenchymal stem cells, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells" and the Chinese keywords were "cartilage defect, allograft, chondrocyte, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells". The repetitive articles and the articles not in English or Chinese were eliminated, and finally, a total of 35 articles were included to review.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: With the continuous improvement of in vitro cell culture methods, chondrocytes can be isolated from the tough cartilage, and a large number of high-purity chondrocytes and new chondrocytes can be obtained. Due to the low proliferative capacity of the chondrocytes, subculture may easily lead to aging and dedifferentiation; however, the content of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells is low in adult bone marrow, with the increasing of the passages number, the chondrogenic potential is significantly decreased. When the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells co-cultured with chondrocytes, they can promote the proliferation and differentiation of each other. And as the seed cells, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can reduce the proliferation and passage number of chondrocytes and save the content of chondrocytes, and it can effectively repair the articular cartilage defects when composited with the tissue engineering scaffold.%背景:关节软骨几乎没有自身修复的能力,目前临床大多采用自体或异体软骨移植修复、软骨膜或骨膜移植修复、软骨细胞移植修复.由于自体软骨来源有限,异体软骨又存在慢性免疫排斥反应,最终可能导致预后不佳;软骨膜或骨膜移植修复的软骨易于退化,导致修复效果不佳.目的:总结组织工程化软骨细胞、骨髓间充质干细胞及两者共培养对同种异体软骨缺损修复作用的研究现状.方法:应用计算机检索PubMed 数据库及中国期刊网全文数据库1994-01/2012-01有关组织工程化软骨细胞和骨髓间充质干细胞用于修复同种异体关节软骨缺损方面的文章,英文检索词为"cartilage defect,allograft,chondrocyte,mesenchymal stem cells,bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells",中文检索词为"软骨缺损,同种异体移植,软骨细胞,骨髓间充质干细胞".排除重复性及非中英文语种研究,共保留35篇文献进行综述.结果与结论:随着体外细胞培养方法的不断改进,现已能够把软骨细胞从坚韧的软骨中分离出来,并获得大量高纯度的软骨细胞并繁殖出新生软骨细胞.软骨细胞培养增殖能力低,传代培养容易引起老化和去分化;而成体骨髓中骨髓间充质干细胞含量少,随传代次数的增多成软骨潜能明显降低.骨髓间充质干细胞和软骨细胞共培养,两种细胞相互促进增殖和分化,作为种子细胞可减少软骨细胞增殖传代次数并节省软骨细胞数量,与组织工程支架材料复合能有效修复关节软骨缺损.
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