分子影像在干细胞治疗中的应用

摘要

背景：目前干细胞治疗的研究已能够持续广泛地观察不同种类的干细胞，但是还没有任何一种单独的成像模式能够全面评价干细胞治疗的效果。　　目的：介绍追踪干细胞治疗的不同细胞标记方法、成像技术，对分子影像学与干细胞治疗未来的临床应用做一展望。　　方法：由第一作者检索2005年1月至2012年12月PubMed数据库有关分子影像学用于追踪干细胞治疗，细胞的标记方法和成像技术的应用，干细胞治疗理想的成像模式，以及不同干细胞进行分子影像学跟踪的进展相关文献，英文检索词为“Molecular imaging，Stem cel therapy，Cel transplantation，Regenerative medicine”，计算机初检得到269篇文献，根据纳入标准保留20篇进一步归纳总结。　　结果与结论：目前，为了持续追踪移植细胞的生存能力和生物学功能，大多数细胞治疗需在不同时期处死动物进行免疫组织化学分析，不仅操作复杂而且浪费了大量的实验资源。分子影像学运用影像技术显示组织、细胞和亚细胞水平的特定分子，反映活体状态下分子水平变化，非侵入性的对参与生理和病理过程的分子进行定性或定量的可视化观察，增加了干细胞治疗的可行性，帮助阐明治疗过程中新的生物学机制。%BACKGROUND:Stem celltherapy research has been able to continue to observe the different types of stem cells, but there is stil no single imaging mode for a comprehensive evaluation of the effect of stem celltherapy. OBJECTIVE:To review the tracing of cellmarkers and imaging technology in stem celltherapy and to prospect the clinical application of molecular imaging in stem celltherapy. METHODS:The first author retrieved the PubMed for articles (January 2005 to December 2012) regarding application of molecular imaging in stem celltherapy, cellmarking methods and imaging technology, ideal imaging mode for stem celltherapy, and tracing of different stem cells using molecular imaging method. The key words were“molecular imaging, stem celltherapy, celltransplantation, regenerative medicine”in English. Twenty of 269 papers were included in result analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:At present, the ability to continuously monitor the biological processes of the transplanted stem cells relies on the histological analysis at different times. However, molecular imaging can observe in vivo complex system functions at the molecular, cellular, organ, and whole body level. As the technology improves, the change in the molecular level can be assessed in the context of the living organism. At the same time, a number of methods are available and meeting the demands to track stem cells by molecular imaging. Imaging technology increases the feasibility of stem celltherapy, and contributes to clarify the new biological mechanism during the stem celltherapy.