膝关节前交叉韧带非接触性损伤的生物力学研究进展**★

摘要

BACKGROUND:Human’s health and moving ability are seriously chal enged by non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injury, biomechanics research on anterior cruciate ligament injury is conducive to the exploration and prevention of anterior cruciate ligament injury. OBJECTIVE:To expound the biomechanical factors of non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injury, and to investigate the new progression of research methods and prevention measures of anterior cruciate ligament injury. METHODS:The PubMed database and CNKI database were retrieved by the author for articles from 1979 to 2011 by computer. The English key words were“anterior cruciate ligament, injury”and“anterior cruciate ligament, biomechanics”, and the Chinese key word was“inverse dynamics”. The key words were put in the titles and abstracts to search the articles. A total of 67 articles were included which related to biomechanics research on anterior cruciate ligament injury, relationship between landing and injury and prevention of injury. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The factors caused non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injury were complicated, al of which were interlaced at the same time. Research on the effect of each factor was stil limited. But the reason of injury occurred during movement can be explained by biomechanics factors intuitively, thus a new thinking of biomechanics methods can reveal new idea to the essential principle of anterior cruciate ligament injury and prevention of injury. Meanwhile, using correct training method is beneficial to injury’s prevention, especial y to non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injury.%　　背景：膝关节前交叉韧带非接触性损伤严重的挑战着人体健康以及运动能力，对损伤的生物力学研究有助于探究和预防膝关节前交叉韧带损伤。　　目的：对膝关节前交叉韧带非接触性损伤的生物力学因素进行阐述，探讨损伤的研究方法以及预防措施的新进展。　　方法：由作者应用计算机检索PubMed数据库及CNKI数据1979至2011年相关文献，在英文标题和摘要中以“anterior cruciate ligament，injury”和“anterior cruciate ligament，biomechanics”等关键词检索，中文文献检索以“逆向动力学”为关键词，选择内容与膝关节前交叉韧带损伤的生物力学研究、落地与损伤的关系、损伤的预防等相关的文献。共纳入文献67篇。　　结果与结论：膝关节前交叉韧带非接触性损伤的因素较为复杂，且各种因素相互交错。对不同损伤因素的影响程度的研究较为有限。但是损伤的生物力学因素可以较为直观的解释运动中损伤的原理机制。因而损伤的生物力学研究方法的创新为揭示膝关节前交叉韧带损伤的本质原理和损伤的预防提供了新思路。同时应用正确的训练方法对预防损伤尤其是膝关节前交叉韧带非接触性损伤具有良好的效果。