BACKGROUND:The amniotic membrane is the rejected material after birth. Amniotic mesenchymal stem cel s are characterized as easy harvesting, strong proliferation ability, no ethical controversy, and low immunogenicity. OBJECTIVE:To electrotransfer human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) gene into amniotic mesenchymal stem cel s transplanted into diabetic rats and to explore its effect on diabetic rats. METHODS:Human amniotic mesenchymal stem cel s were isolated, cultured and electrotransferred by hTERT gene. Ten of 50 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized selected as controls, and the remaining rats were used to establish diabetic models through injection of 45 mg/kg streptozotocin. Thirty-six model rats were randomized into model group, cel transplantation group and hTERT-transfected cel transplantation group, with 12 rats in each group. In the latter two groups, human amniotic mesenchymal stem cel s and hTERT-transfected amniotic mesenchymal stem cel s were injected via sublingual veins, respectively. After transplantation, blood glucose levels were monitored dynamical y, and plasma insulin concentration was detected every week. Pancreas tissues were taken and cut into sections for histological observation using hematoxylin-eosin staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:At 4 weeks after transplantation, the blood glucose levels were significantly lower in the two cel transplantation groups than the model group (P<0.05), and especial y in the hTERT-transfected cel transplantation group, the blood glucose level was close to the normal value (P>0.05). However, the model group stil had a higher blood glucose level. At 6 weeks after transplantation, compared with the model group, the plasma insulin concentration was significantly increased in the two cel transplantation group (P<0.05), and the severity of pancreatic injury was also eased in these two groups (P<0.05), especial y in the hTERT-transfected cel transplantation group (P<0.05). These findings indicate that hTERT-transfected amniotic mesenchymal stem cel transplantation can dramatical y decrease blood glucose level and relieve pancreatic injury in diabetic rats, which is an effective method for treatment of mel itus diabetes in rats.%背景：羊膜是胎儿出生后的废弃物，羊膜间充质干细胞具有取材方便、增殖能力强、无伦理学争议、免疫原性低等优势。 目的：通过端粒酶反转录酶(human telomerase reverse transcriptase，hTERT)基因电转染人羊膜间充质干细胞移植到大鼠糖尿病模型，探讨其对糖尿病大鼠的疗效。 方法：分离培养人羊膜间充质干细胞，经hTERT基因电转染羊膜间充质干细胞，从50只SD大鼠中随机取10只作为对照组，剩余40只按45 mg/kg的剂量注射链脲霉素，建立糖尿病模型后，将建模成功的36只SD大鼠随机分为糖尿病组、人羊膜间充质干细胞移植组和hTERT-人羊膜间充质干细胞移植组，每组各12只；人羊膜间充质干细胞移植组和 hTERT-人羊膜间充质干细胞移植组分别通过大鼠舌下静脉注射移植人羊膜间充质干细胞和经hTERT基因电转染羊膜间充质干细胞。移植后各组进行动态血糖水平监测，于移植后每周检测各组大鼠血浆胰岛素的浓度，胰腺切片苏木精-伊红染色观察病理变化。 结果与结论：移植后4周，与糖尿病组比较，人羊膜间充质干细胞移植组和 hTERT-人羊膜间充质干细胞移植组血糖水平明显下降(P<0.05)，尤其是hTERT-人羊膜间充质干细胞移植组的空腹血糖水平接近于对照组水平(P>0.05)，而糖尿病组空腹血糖维持在较高水平；移植后6周，与糖尿病组比较，人羊膜间充质干细胞移植组和 hTERT-人羊膜间充质干细胞移植组的血浆胰岛素含量增加(P <0.05)，胰腺病损程度减轻(P <0.05)，hTERT-人羊膜间充质干细胞移植组更明显(P <0.05)。结果证实，提示hTERT转染的羊膜间充质干细胞移植能明显降低糖尿病大鼠血糖和减轻胰岛损伤，可以有效治疗大鼠糖尿病。
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