两种不同附着体固位全口义齿:修复下颌牙列缺失的生物相容性

摘要

背景:精密附着体能提供恒定持久的固位力,提高咀嚼效率,防止牙槽骨吸收,近年已在全口义齿修复牙列缺失患者中使用,而磁性附着体和球帽附着体在下颌牙列缺失中应用较多.目的:比较磁性附着体和球帽附着体固位全口义齿修复下颌牙列缺失的临床效果.方法:纳入牙列缺失患者50例,其中男28例,女22例,年龄40-82岁,随机均分为2组,分别行磁性附着体固位的下颌可摘义齿修复和球帽附着体固位的下颌可摘义齿修复.戴入义齿6个月后进行咀嚼功能检查;戴入义齿2年后,进行患者满意度问卷调查及牙周健康检查.结果与结论:戴入义齿 6 个月后,两组均获得了较高的咀嚼效率,组间比较差异无显著性意义.戴入义齿 2年后,磁性附着体组患者对固位情况和舒适性的满意度高于球帽附着体组(P < 0.05);磁性附着体组的牙龈指数、龈沟出血指数、基牙松动度低于球帽附着体组(P < 0.05),牙槽骨高度高于球帽附着体组(P < 0.05).表明磁性附着体固位全口义齿修复下颌牙列缺失在临床疗效上较球帽附着体具有一定的优越性,能够提供合适的固位力,更好地保护基牙牙周组织健康.%BACKGROUND:Precision attachment has been used in complete denture in mandibular edentulous patients because of its strong retention, higher masticatory efficiency, and prevention of alveolar bone resorption. Among them, magnetic attachment and bal-cap attachment are commonly applied for mandibular complete denture. OBJECTIVE:To compare the clinical treatment effects of magnetic attachment and bal-cap attachment-retained complete denture used in mandibular edentulous patients. METHODS:This study included 50 patients with dentition defects, 28 males and 22 females, aged from 40 to 82. And they were randomly divided into two groups (n=25 in each) and treated with magnetic attachment and bal-cap attachment retention of mandibular removable partial denture. Masticatory function was tested after 6 months of wearing denture, and the satisfaction of patients and the periodontal health of abutments were surveyed after 2 years of wearing denture. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After 6 months of wearing denture, two groups had both higher masticatory efficiency, but no significant differences between two groups were found. After 2 years of wearing denture, the retention conditions and comfortable satisfaction of the magnetic attachment group was significantly higher than that of the bal-cap attachment group (P < 0.05). The gingival index, sulcus bleeding index and abutment mobility in the magnetic attachment group were significantly lower than those in the bal-cap attachment group (P < 0.05). And the alveolar bone height of the magnetic attachment group was significantly higher than that of the bal-cap attachment group (P < 0.05). Experimental results indicate that the mandibular restoration complete denture with magnetic attachment shows superiority in retention than with bal-cap attachment. The magnetic attachment provides better retention and better protection for periodontal tissue compared with the bal-cap attachment.