腰椎间盘结构、盘内压力及不同载荷的影响:生物力学研究进展

摘要

BACKGROUND:Lumbar disc herniation is the most common cause of lumbago in clinic, which seriously affect the patient's daily life, study and work. Therefore, studies on biomechanics of lumbar intervertebral disk benefit to prevent and treat the diseases associated with lumbar intervertebral disk. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the biomechanical progress of lumbar intervertebral disk. METHODS: The first author retrieved China National Knowledge Infrastructure and PubMed database for literatures published from 2009 to 2014. The key words were "intervertebral disc, nucleus pulposus, biomechanics, fibrosis annulus, cartilage" in Chinese and English, respectively. Articles regarding biomechanical characteristics of lumbar intervertebral disk, nucleus pulposus, fibrosis annulus and cartilage were included, and repetitive studies were excluded. Totaly 5 072 articles were retrieved initialy. In accordance with inclusion and exclusion criteria, 41 articles were included in result analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:We can fuly understand the pathogenesis, development and adverse consequences of diseases related to the lumbar intervertebral disk by summarizing the structural features and internal pressure of lumbar intervertebral disk and the effect of different loads, biomechanical characteristics of lumbar intervertebral disk with degenerative changes and establishment of mechanical model of lumbar intervertebral disk. It is of directive significance for daily health care of the lumbar intervertebral disk and how to better use "force", a physical factor, to solve the lumbar intervertebral disk problems.%背景:腰椎间盘突出是临床引起腰腿疼的最主要原因,严重影响患者的日常生活、学习与工作,而对腰椎间盘的生物力学特点进行研究,对预防和治疗腰椎间盘疾病具有重要指导意义.目的:综述目前腰椎间盘生物力学的研究进展.方法:由第一作者用中国期刊全文数据库和PubMed数据库,检索时间:2009至2014年,检索词分别为"椎间盘、髓核、生物力学、纤维环、软骨板"和"intervertebral disc,nucleus pulposus,biomechanics,fibrosis annulus,cartilage",语言分别设定为中文和英文.纳入与腰椎间盘、髓核、纤维环及软骨板的生物力学特性相关的研究,排除重复及陈旧文献.共检索到5 072篇文章,按纳入和排除标准对文献进行筛选,共纳入49篇文章进行综述分析.结果与结论:通过对腰椎间盘结构特点、不同载荷的影响、腰椎间盘内压力、腰椎间盘退行性改变的生物力学特点以及腰椎间盘力学模型的建立等方面进行综述,有助于充分了解腰椎间盘相关问题的发生机制、发展过程以及造成的不良后果.对于腰椎间盘的日常保健及如何能更好的运用"力"这个物理因子解决腰椎间盘问题具有指导意义.