骨陷窝-微管代谢和生理功能的研究应用与进展

摘要

BACKGROUND:Interstitial fluid flow around the osteocytes caused by a series of physiological activities plays an important role in the osteocyte metabolism and signal transduction. OBJECTIVE:To review and summarize the research progress of bone structures and physiological functions, then further il ustrate how the mechanical loads make an impact on bone tissue. METHODS:A computer-based search was conducted in PubMed database for articles related to the bone microstructure, metabolism and osteocyte signal transduction published from January 2009 to December 2015. The keywords were“osteocyte, mechanical load, permeability, lacunar-canalicular system, interstitial fluid flow, mechanotransduction, signaling pathways”in English. Data were screened firstly, dated articles or literatures with wrong research methods were excluded, and total y 40 eligible articles were enrol ed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Bone tissue can quickly adapt to the change of mechanical environment to guarantee enough osteocytes in the functional bone area indicating that osteocytes regulate the bone absorption and formation by responding to stress, which is closely related to osteocyte physiological characters. Osteocytes exist in mineralized matrix, and the special microstructures make it possible to receive mechanical loads and transform the mechanical signals into chemical signals aimed at regulating the bone absorption or formation.So the interstitial fluid flow in the lacuna-canalicular system occures, namely load-induced fluid flow, when the mechanical load is distributed on the bone. This fluid flow affects the bone tissue through two mechanisms:regulating osteocyte metabolism and participating in the mechanotransduction. In conclusion, the mechanical load plays a vital role in maintaining health bone and regulating bone adaptation.%背景：个体在进行生理活动时，可以引起骨细胞周围间隙内液体的流动，这种液体流动对骨细胞代谢和发挥机械信号转导功能十分重要。　　目的：总结近年来关于骨结构和生理功能的研究进展，进一步阐明生理性负荷影响骨组织的机制。　　方法：应用计算机检索PubMed数据库检索2009年1月至2015年12月关于骨微结构，骨代谢和骨细胞机械信号转导相关的文章，检索词为“osteocyte；mechanical load ， permeability ， lacunar-canalicularsystem，interstitialfluid flow，mechanotransduction，signaling pathways”，通过对资料初审，排除较旧或者研究方法错误的文献报道，共搜集到符合纳入标准的文献40篇。　　结果与结论：骨组织可以迅速适应机械环境的变化，保证在骨功能性活动区有足够的骨量，即通过感受受力状态的改变，调节骨的吸收和形成，这和骨细胞的生理特点密切相关。骨细胞位于矿化的骨基质中，周围独特的微环境使其可以感受个体生理性活动产生的机械刺激，并将这种机械信号转化为化学信号进而调节骨的吸收或形成。当生理性机械负荷作用于骨组织时，会引起骨陷窝-微管系统内液体流动，即压力诱导性液体流动，这种液体运动通过2种机制影响骨细胞：调节骨细胞代谢，参与骨细胞机械信号转导过程。总之，生理性的机械负荷对于维持骨健康和调节骨适应有重要意义。