脱细胞肝脏支架制备及再细胞化:生物人工肝离我们还有多远?

摘要

BACKGROUND: A lot of clinical studies on bioartificial liver have been launched. Decellularized liver scaffolds are known as the most promising scaffold material of artificial liver.OBJECTIVE: To summarize the research status of preparation, evaluation and application of three-dimensional (3D) decellularized liver scaffolds, and to discuss the future development in clinical practice.METHODS: The articles about 3D decellularized liver scaffolds were retrieved from PubMed and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases with the key words of "decellularized liver scaffolds, recellularization, bioengineered liver", and the retrieval period was from January 2001 to November 2016. Repetitive articles were excluded, and 64 articles were included for final review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: To prepare 3D decellularized liver scaffolds, the cells were removed from the liver tissues by chemical or physical methods for which the 3D structure of the extracellular matrix could be preserved intact. After a series of reseeding process, we could finally produce the bioartificial liver. Research has shown that when the bioartificial liver is transplanted into animals, it will compensate the function of liver within a short time. However, it still faces enormous challenges to see whether the bioartificial liver could be used in the clinic.%背景:临床上已展开了大量生物人工肝脏的相关研究,其中肝脏脱细胞支架是已知最有前景的人工肝脏支架材料.目的:对现阶段3D肝脏脱细胞支架的制备、鉴定、应用等研究现状进行总结,并展望其未来在临床上的发展方向.方法:检索 PubMed 数据库、中国知网数据库(CNKI)2001年1月至2016年11月期间有关3D肝脏脱细胞支架的相关文献.中文检索词为脱细胞支架,种子细胞,再细胞化,动物实验;英文检索词为decellularized liver scaffolds,recellularization,bioengineered liver.共64篇文献纳入分析并进行引用及讨论.结果与结论:采用化学方法、物理方法或酶消化法将细胞从肝脏组织中移除,保留完整的细胞外基质三维结构,然后对该支架进行再细胞化,可制得生物人工肝.研究显示将生物人工肝移植入动物体内,可短时间代偿肝脏功能,在未来,将这类生物人工肝真正应用于临床仍需要面临巨大挑战.