背景:老化过程会伴随体适能及脑部认知功能下降,而适当运动可以增强身体机能.脚踏车运动具有非完全负重、踩踏阻力可调的优点,因而被广泛应用于临床康复训练中,但踏车训练能否提升个体脑部认知功能值得深入研究.目的:观察踏车运动对老年人的影响是否与对年轻人的影响一致.方法:招募43名健康的高校教师,依据受试者年龄分为老年组(n=18,年龄60-75岁)与年轻组(n=25,年龄:25-45岁),分别进行连续4周固定式踏车运动训练,并于运动前、训练4周及训练结束后1个月追踪测试其6 min行走、10 m行走、下肢肌力及经颅磁刺激检测.结果与结论:①训练前,老年组虽然在身体活动量上优于年轻组,但在功能性行走、腿肌力及脑部皮质活化度方面均弱于年轻组;②4 周踏车训练后,老年人与年轻人功能性行走、腿肌力皆有大幅度提升,其中在6 min行走及腿部肌肉力量两方面,但2组提升率差异无显著性意义,而年轻人在10 m行走测试上提升率显著高于老年人;③训练后1个月时结果显示,4周踏车对年轻人6 min行走及腿部肌肉力量所获得效益有一定延续效应,而对老年组则在10 m行走上所获得效益有一定延续效应;④不论是左脑或右脑,老年人在动作阈值、动作诱发电位及大脑皮质动作区域范围均比年轻人差,而踏车 4 周训练对老年人及年轻人脑部动作皮质活化与训练前差异无显著性意义;⑤连续 4 周踏车运动训练能有效改善老年人和年轻人的功能性行走能力及下肢肌力,且老年人接受踏车运动训练可以达到与年轻人差不多的提升效果及延续效应,而踏车运动是否可以改善老年人及年轻人的脑部皮质活化还需要进一步探讨.%BACKGROUND: Aging process is associated with declines in physical fitness and cognitive function, and proper exercise can improve the body function. Treadmill training has advantages of non-full weight-bearing and adjustable trampling resistance, so it has been widely used in clinical rehabilitation training, but whether treadmill training can enhance the cognitive function of individual brain needs an in-depth study. OBJECTIVE: To explore whether the effect of treadmill training on older adults and youth is the same. METHODS: Forty-three healthy volunteer college teachers in universities were recruited, and divided into older adult group (n=18, aged 60-75 years) and youth group (n=25, aged 25-45 years) according to the age characteristics. Each person was trained for 4 consecutive weeks of treadmill training. The 6-minute walking, 10-m walking, muscle strength of lower limbs and transcranial magnetic stimulation test were performed before training, at 4 weeks of training and 1 month after training. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Before training, the amount of physical activity in the older adult group was higher than that in the youth group, but the functional walking, muscle strength of lower limbs and degree of cerebral cortex activation were worse than those in the youth group. After 4 weeks of treadmill training, there was a significant improvement in the functional walking and muscle strength of lower limbs in both groups, the improvement rate of 6-minute walking and leg muscle strength showed no significant difference between groups, but the improvement rate of 10-m walking in the youth group was significantly higher than that in the older adult group. At 1 month after training, 4-week treadmill training exerted a continued effect on the 6-minute walking and leg muscle strength in youth, and 4-week treadmill training exerted a continued effect on the 10-m walking in older adults. The action threshold, motor evoked potentials and cerebral cortex movement area of either brains in older adults were poorer than those in youth. Four-week treadmill training showed no significant effect on the cerebral cortex activation in older adults and youth. In summary, 4-week treadmill training can effectively enhance the ability of functional walking and muscle strength of lower limbs in older adults and youth, and the treadmill training can achieve almost the same improvement and continuation effect between older adults and youth. However, whether treadmill exercise can improve the cerebral cortex activation in older adults and youth needs an in-depth study.
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