3D生物打印技术在骨组织工程中的应用

摘要

背景:3D生物打印是3D打印技术中的一种,其特点是能够在指定位置定植生物材料或活细胞,进而构建出具备完整生物学功能的组织和器官,目前利用3D 生物打印已成功制作出包括骨组织在内的多种生物支架材料;近年来3D生物打印技术飞速发展,为组织工程骨的再生与修复提供了美好的前景.目的:系统介绍3D生物打印,简要概括3D生物打印的基本原理,总结3D生物打印目前主流的成型技术、材料及其在骨组织工程中的应用研究进展.对目前3D生物打印及其在骨组织工程中应用的瓶颈进行探讨,为未来再生医学的发展提供参考.方法:利用计算机中国期刊全文数据库(万方、CNKI)、PubMed数据库,检索2005至2017年的相关文献,检索中英文关键词为"生物打印,细胞打印,骨组织工程,支架,3D bioprinting,3D bioprinted,bioink,bone tissue engineering".最终共纳入58篇文献进行综述.结果与结论:①3D生物打印技术迅猛发展,为未来的骨修复、移植提供了美好的前景,但是该项技术仍存在许多不足,如印刷设备成本高、技术相对落后、生物墨水要求苛刻、医工团队合作等问题;②因此只有在技术水平和材料研发上不断创新,3D生物打印才能获得更进一步的飞越.%BACKGROUND: 3D bioprinting is one of 3D printing technologies. Its characteristics are to plant biological materials or living cells in specific location to construct tissues and organs with complete biological functions. Until now, 3D bioprinting has been used to successfully produce various biological scaffolds, including bone tissue. In recent years, 3D bioprinting technology develops rapidly, which provides good prospects to regeneration and repair using tissue-engineered bone. OBJECTIVE: To systemically introduce 3D bioprinting, to briefly clarify its fundamental principles, to summarize its current mainstream molding technologies and materials as well as their application in bone tissue engineering, and to discuss current bottleneck of 3D bioprinting in bone tissue engineering, providing reference for the development of regenerative medicine. METHODS: We searched CNKI, WanFang, PubMed databases for relevant articles published from 2005 to 2017. The keywords were "3D bioprinting, 3D bioprinted, bioink, bone tissue engineering, scaffold" in Chinese and English, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: 3D bioprinting technology develops rapidly, which provides good prospect for future bone repair and transplantation. However, there are still several deficiencies, such as expensive printing equipment, laggard technology, strict requirements for bio-ink and medical team cooperation. Therefore, only depending on constant innovation in technological levels and material development, can 3D bioprinting make a further leap.