Objective To investigate the effect of hyperbaric oxygenation therapy (HBOT) on cerebral infarction after moyamoya disease (MMD) in children and its risk factors. Methods Pediatric patients with MMD admitted to Beijing Tiantan Hospital from May 2006 to March 2013 were prospectively studied. Ninety patients were divided into HBOT group (50 cases) and control group (40 cases). Neurologic assessments were performed on the 90th day after onset. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors of treatment effect in the HBOT group. Results Modiifed Rankin Scale (mRS) of the 90th day after onset in the HBOT group was lower than the control group (Z=-2.882, P=0.004). The risk factor associated with treatment effect in the HBOT group was frequency of HBOT (odds ratio [OR] 0.780;95%conifdence interval [CI] 0.675~0.901;P=0.001). Conclusion HBOT is useful in cerebral infarction after moyamoya disease. Frequency of HBOT is associated with treatment effect in the HBOT group.%目的观察高压氧治疗儿童缺血型烟雾病的疗效及影响因素。 方法连续收治以脑梗死为表现的儿童烟雾病患者，根据治疗方法分为高压氧组50例和对照组40例，应用改良Rankin量表（modified Rankin Scale，mRS）对患者发病90 d的神经功能进行评价，比较两组的疗效。对高压氧组应用多因素Logistic回归方法分析影响疗效的因素。 结果高压氧组发病90 d mRS评分低于对照组（P=0.004）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示高压氧治疗次数是高压氧组疗效的影响因素[比值比（odds ratio，OR）0.780；95%可信区间（confidence interval，CI）0.675～0.901；P=0.001]。 结论高压氧治疗儿童缺血型烟雾病有效，高压氧治疗次数是高压氧组疗效的影响因素。
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