低氧预适应结合长时间亚高原训练前后男子赛艇运动员身体机能分析

摘要

目的:分析低氧预适应结合亚高原训练前后男子赛艇运动员身体机能状态的变化.方法:16名优秀男子赛艇运动员为对象,先进行10天HiLo低氧训练,模拟海拔高度为1200～1500 m.再于海拔1500 m进行8周亚高原训练.分别于低氧训练前和亚高原训练前、中、后不同时段测定分析运动员身体机能状态,测试指标包括:氧转运系统指标(Hb、RBC)、内分泌系统指标(T、C、T/C、EPO)、免疫系统指标(WBC、IgA、IgM、IgG)以及CK和BU.结果:与低氧训练前相比,1)EPO在低氧训练后和高原训练第3天出现两个峰值,升高幅度分别为26.27％和26.60％(P＜0.01).Hb在低氧后显著下降(P＜0.01),高原训练第3天,第1、3、7周,下高原后第2、3周显著升高(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);2)白细胞在实验期间升高(P＜0.01),IgA和IgG无显著变化(P＞0.05),IgM在低氧训练后、高原训练第3周、下高原后第2周(P＜0.01,P＜0.05,P＜0.05)显著升高;3)低氧训练后血清睾酮下降(P＞0.05),高原训练第3天显著升高(P＜0.05),血清皮质醇在高原训练第3周(P＜0.01)、第5周(P＜0.05)显著下降,T/C在高原训练第3天和第3、5周显著升高(P＜0.05).结论:低氧预适应干预加快了运动员高原适应;10天低氧预适应结合8周亚高原训练对运动员机能状态产生良好影响,运动员未出现过度疲劳,血液载氧能力提高,免疫能力未见大幅下降.%Purpose To explore the effect of the hypoxic pre-conditioning before sub-altitude training on the body function of rowers.Methods 16 male rowers were selected to complete 10-day training at simulated altitude of 1200 m to 1500 m,followed by 8-week sub-altitude training at the altitude of 1500 m.The levels of EPO,HB,WBC,IgA,IgG and IgM,and serum testosterone (T) and cortisol (C) were tested before hypoxic pre-conditioning and at the different periods of sub-altitude training.Results As compared with before hypoxia,(1)The peak EPO values appeared three days after hypoxic pre-conditioning (26.27％) and sub-altitude training (26.60％)(P ＜ 0.01).HB decreased obviously after hypoxic training(P ＜ 0.01),and then increased markedly at the 3rd day,1st,3rd and 7th week of the sub-altitude training,and at the 2nd and 3rd week after leaving plateau (P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜0.01).(2)WBC increased significantly (P ＜ 0.01),and IgA and IgG changed insignificantly (P ＞ 0.05)during the training.IgM increased significantly after hypoxic training (P ＜ 0.01),and at the 3rd week of sub-altitude training (P ＜ 0.05) and the 2nd week after leaving plateau (P ＜ 0.05).(3)Serum T decreased after hypoxic training (P ＜ 0.05),and then increased obviously at the 3rd day of sub-altitude training(P ＜ 0.05).Serum C declined significantly at the 3rd and 5th week of sub-altitude training(P ＜0.05).The T/C ratio increased markedly at the 3rd day,3rd week and 5th week of sub-altitude training (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The hypoxic pre-conditioning is beneficial for athletes to accelerate the adaptation to the altitude training.Altitude training based on the hypoxic pre-conditioning has a positive impact on the athletes,including elimination of fatigue,and improvement of oxygen-transport capacity and immunity.