嫦娥一号绕月探测器轨道投入过程实时监测判定的原理与技术实现

摘要

深空探测任务中的轨道机动是保证探测器进入预定轨道的关键环节,也是实际测控任务中的重点和难点.在轨道机动过程中,探测器通过点火产生自身加速度,此过程会造成飞行状态不稳定,使得对卫星机动过程的预测和判定变得更加复杂.针对这些问题,结合中国第一个深空探测任务嫦娥一号(CE-1)卫星,对其轨道机动段,特别是近月点入轨制动这一关键弧段,提出了基于视向速度对探测器飞行状态进行实时监测估计的原理和方法,进一步建立了相应的实时监测系统,并应用于实际工程任务,同时对该系统的表现进行评估,为未来深空探测中的类似问题提供了一种有效的解决方法.%China's first lunar satellite Chang'E-1 (CE-1) was launched on Oct.24, 2007.During its flight to the Moon, a series of maneuvers were performed to keep the satellite in the correct trajectory.Among these maneuvers, the one performed for Lunar Orbit Insertion (LOI) was the most important part since it directly decided whether the satellite could enter the mission orbit or not.Therefore,real time monitoring and estimation of the satellite's state during this stage became crucial.A system was develop for LOI monitoring using as few data as possible.This system included real time data transmission as well as real time data analysis which could provide the difference between the predicted and observed measurements in the first place, and then, most importantly, it also gives the ensuing orbit insertion conditions, i.e.predicts probable future orbit parameters after the maneuver.The presented method was successfully applied for the LOI process in the mission phase.