控制与抵抗：雇主与家政工在家务劳动过程中的博弈

摘要

Based on the theory of labor process,this paper uses Braverman’s ＂conception＂ and ＂execution,＂ and also,Foucault,Goffman and Hochschild’s theories to discuss the dynamics between employers and home workers in the labor process of domestic work,their strategies and actions taken to keep the control over this labor process,and.the role of ideology in it.The main point of this paper is that the＂conception＂ and ＂execution＂ of the employers are separated in the labor process of domestic work.In order to have their own needs satisfied,employers try to make their home workers’ ＂conception＂ detached from ＂execution＂ with such strategies as ＂routinizing scheduling,＂ ＂panopticon like surveillance,＂ and ＂emotional management.＂ Meanwhile,in order to keep ＂conception＂ and ＂execution＂ unified,home workers deploy strategies of ＂job-hopping,＂ ＂bargaining,＂ and ＂upfront/back stage building＂ to snap back the control of their labor process.However,home workers may give up their control under ideological influences.%本文以劳动过程理论为基础,在借用布雷弗曼的视角——＂概念＂与＂执行＂的同时,结合M.福柯、戈夫曼和霍奇斯柴德的理论,讨论家政工与雇主在家务劳动方面的博弈过程以及双方为争夺劳动过程控制权所采取的策略和行动,同时讨论意识形态在此博弈中发挥的作用。本文认为,在家务劳动过程中,雇主的身心是分离的。他们为了满足自己的需求,通过各种策略控制劳动过程,将家政工的身心进行分割。这些策略包括时间规训、全景监视和情感管理。而家政工为了避免身心被分割,也采取＂跳槽＂、讨价还价、搭建＂前后台＂等方式来夺回对劳动过程控制权。此外,家政工也可能受到意识形态的影响而主动放弃控制权。