居家老年人护理需求的文献回顾与分析

摘要

Objectives To analyze the present situation and problems in the field of the nursing needs of the elderly at home by reviewing literature ,and to provide evidence for the improvement.Methods We systematically searched CNKI ,CBM and VIP.According to the including criteria and excluding criteria ,we screened the literature twice.Main results and characters of the literature were described.Results A total of 975 articles were includ-ed. The first literature was published in 1986. From 2006 ,quite more articles began to be published.42.36% of the articles were descriptive research. The contents of the literature focused on community nursing services(37.44% ) , home care(20.10% )and long-term care(10.26% ).Experimental research and descriptive research were implemented mostly in developed area of China.Conclusions Studies focused on the nursing needs in the elderly at home develop relatively late in China and are with low quality. High-quality experimental researches ,as well as multi-center de-scriptive researches with large sample are expected.%目的：通过回顾有关居家老年人护理需求的文献，分析该领域的研究现状和问题，为其进一步完善提供依据。方法系统检索CBM、CNKI和VIP 3个中文数据库。根据制定的纳入标准和排除标准对文献进行两次筛查。对筛查出文献的主要内容和相关特征进行描述性分析。结果共纳入975篇文献。该研究的我国第1篇相关文献发表于1986年，2006年起文献发表量开始显著增加。文献的研究类型以描述性研究为主，占42.36％；研究内容以老年人对社区护理（37.44％）、家庭护理（20.10％）、长期照护（10.26％）等综合护理服务的需求为主。研究对象以城市居家老年人为主（80.50％），且集中于我国经济发达地区。结论我国对居家老年人护理需求的研究开展相对滞后，证据等级普遍偏低。需开展多中心、大样本的横断面调查研究，以明确我国居家老年人的护理需求；开展高质量的试验研究，以探索满足老年人护理需求的有效方式。